本文選題：微生物菌肥 + 生物質(zhì)炭��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：于2015~2016年,在山東省泰安市山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝試驗(yàn)站,以2年生紅富士(M.domestica Borkh.‘Red Fuji’)/平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)為試材,采用15N同位素示蹤技術(shù),研究了不同基質(zhì)和粒徑微生物菌肥對(duì)蘋果生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和氮素利用的影響。主要結(jié)果如下:1、以兩年生盆栽紅富士/平邑甜茶為試材,采用15N同位素示蹤技術(shù),研究不同生物質(zhì)炭用量(CK、T1、T2、T3、T4、分別代表0、15 g·kg-1、30 g·kg-1、45g·kg-1、60 g·kg-1)對(duì)蘋果生長(zhǎng)、土壤理化特性和氮素利用的影響。結(jié)果表明:添加不同用量生物質(zhì)炭的所有處理植株株高、莖粗和總干重均顯著高于CK;T2、T3和T4處理的根系活力均顯著高于T1和CK處理,但三個(gè)處理間差異不顯著;土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀和根際土細(xì)菌、放線菌、真菌數(shù)量均以T4處理最高,其次是T3處理,兩者間差異不顯著,但均顯著高于其他處理;與CK相比,添加生物質(zhì)炭處理顯著增加了植株對(duì)肥料15N的吸收,T4和T3處理植株15N利用率分別為15.18%和15.63%,均顯著高于其他處理;土壤15N殘留率以T4處理最高,為38.16%,T3次之,T1最低,為30.02%;氮素?fù)p失以T1處理最高,為58.54%,T4處理最低,為45.66%,且T4與T3處理間差異不顯著。綜合考慮植株生長(zhǎng)和氮素利用,通過(guò)函數(shù)計(jì)算得出本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下蘋果生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育最適宜的生物質(zhì)炭施用量為55~64 g·kg-1。2、以兩年生盆栽紅富士/平邑甜茶為試材,采用15N同位素示蹤技術(shù),研究生物質(zhì)炭與牛糞不同配比(CK、T1、T2、T3、T4、T5分別代表對(duì)照、100%牛糞作為基質(zhì)、75%牛糞+25%生物質(zhì)炭作為基質(zhì)、50%牛糞+50%生物質(zhì)炭作為基質(zhì)、基75%生物質(zhì)炭+25%牛糞作為基質(zhì)、100%生物質(zhì)炭作為基質(zhì))對(duì)蘋果生長(zhǎng)、土壤理化特性和氮素吸收利用的影響。結(jié)果表明:在生物質(zhì)炭與牛糞不同配比的微生物肥不同處理下,土壤養(yǎng)分含量均有效增加,土壤堿解氮、速效養(yǎng)分(P、K)及有機(jī)質(zhì)含量均以T1處理最高,其次是T2,二者均高于其他處理;T5處理改善土壤容重的效果最佳,其次是T4,兩者間差異不顯著,但均顯著高于其他處理;T2處理植株的根長(zhǎng)、根尖數(shù)、根表面積及根系活力效果顯著高于其他處理,T3次之;T2處理細(xì)菌數(shù)量均顯著高于其他處理;T2和T3處理間真菌和放線菌數(shù)量差異不顯著,但均顯著高于其他處理;T2和T3處理植株株高、莖粗與干重顯著高于其他處理,T2和T3處理間植株全N量和吸收15N的量差異不顯著,但均顯著高于其他處理;T2處理15N利用率最大,達(dá)到16.94%,T5處理利用率最低,達(dá)到12.40%,T2處理土壤殘留率最大,為38.05%,T5殘留率最低,為30.01%,氮素?fù)p失與土壤殘留呈相反的變化趨勢(shì),T2氮素?fù)p失率為45.01%;T5高達(dá)57.59%。施用生物質(zhì)炭和牛糞均可增加有機(jī)質(zhì),改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),降低土壤容重,優(yōu)化根系生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境,增加有益微生物數(shù)量,提高氮素吸收和利用效率,但生物質(zhì)炭與牛糞二者聯(lián)合效果較佳,以75%牛糞+25%生物質(zhì)炭作為基質(zhì)的微生物菌肥效果最佳。3、以兩年生盆栽紅富士/平邑甜茶為試材,采用15N同位素示蹤技術(shù),研究不同粒徑微生物菌肥(CK、T1、T2、T3分別代表對(duì)照、粉末狀菌、顆粒狀菌肥、50%粉末狀菌肥+50%顆粒狀菌肥混合)對(duì)蘋果生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和氮素吸收利用的影響。結(jié)果表明:施用不同粒徑微生物菌肥的不同處理下,土壤養(yǎng)分含量均有效增加,其中T2處理的土壤堿解氮、速效養(yǎng)分(P、K)及有機(jī)質(zhì)含量均顯著高于其他處理;不同處理之間土壤容重從高到低依次為CKT1T3T2,T2處理降低土壤容重效果最好;T2處理植株根際土真菌、放線菌數(shù)量均顯著高于其他處理,T1處理植株根際土細(xì)菌顯著高于其他處理,不同粒徑微生物菌肥在細(xì)菌和真菌上差異顯著,在放線菌上差異不顯著;T2處理植株株高、莖粗與干重均顯著高于其他處理;不同處理影響了植株全N量和植株對(duì)肥料15N的吸收,對(duì)比CK,T2處理15N利用率最大,達(dá)到16.97%,T3和T1處理間差異不顯著,T3處理達(dá)到15.65%,T1處理達(dá)到15.42%。施用不同粒徑微生物菌肥均可增加有機(jī)質(zhì),改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),降低土壤容重,增加有益微生物數(shù)量,提高氮素吸收和利用效率,但綜合整體以顆粒狀微生物菌肥效果較好。
[Abstract]:In 2015~2016, 2 year old red Fuji (M.domestica Borkh. 'Red Fuji') / Pingyi sweet tea (Malus hupehensis Rehd.) was used as test material at the Shandong Agricultural University gardening experiment station in Tai'an, Shandong province. The effects of microbiological fertilizer on growth and nitrogen utilization of apple were studied by using 15N isotope tracer technique. The results are as follows: 1, the effects of different biomass carbon content (CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, 0,15 g, kg-1,30 g, kg-1,45g kg-1,60) on the growth of apple, soil and chemical properties and nitrogen utilization were studied by 15N isotope tracer technology with two years old potted red Fuji / Pingyi sweet tea. The results showed that the effects of different amounts of biomass on the growth of the soil and the utilization of nitrogen were studied. The plant height of all the treated plants, stem diameter and total dry weight were significantly higher than that of CK. The root activity of T2, T3 and T4 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK treatment, but there was no significant difference between the three treatments. Soil organic matter, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and rhizosphere soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were the highest in T4 treatment, followed by T3 treatment. The difference between the two was poor. It was significantly higher than other treatments. Compared with CK, adding biomass carbon significantly increased the uptake of fertilizer 15N. The 15N utilization rate of T4 and T3 treated plants was 15.18% and 15.63%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The residual rate of 15N in soil was highest, 38.16%, T3, and 30.02%, and T1 was 30.02%; nitrogen loss was T1. The treatment was the highest, 58.54%, T4 treatment was the lowest, 45.66%, and the difference between T4 and T3 treatment was not significant. Considering plant growth and nitrogen use, the optimum amount of biomass carbon for the growth and development of Apple was 55~64 G. Kg-1.2 under the condition of the experiment. Two year old potted red Fuji / Pingyi sweet tea was used as the test material, and 15N was used as the test material. CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 respectively represent control, 100% cow dung as matrix, 75% cow dung +25% biomass carbon as matrix, 50% cow dung +50% biomass carbon as matrix, 75% biomass carbon +25% cow dung as base, 100% biomass carbon as matrix, and soil physical and chemical properties The results showed that the soil nutrient content increased effectively, the soil alkaline nitrogen, P, K and organic matter content were the highest in T1 treatment, followed by T2, and the two were all higher than other treatments, and T5 treatment improved the soil bulk density with the best effect, The second was T4, which had no significant difference, but significantly higher than other treatments. The root length, root tip number, root surface area and root activity of T2 treated plants were significantly higher than those of other treatments, T3, and T2 treated bacteria were significantly higher than those of other treatments; the number of fungi and actinomycetes in T2 and T3 treatments was not significant, but both were significantly higher than those of other treatments. T2 and T3 treatment plant height, stem diameter and dry weight significantly higher than other treatments, T2 and T3 treatment plant total N amount and the amount of 15N absorption is not significant, but significantly higher than the other treatments; T2 treatment 15N utilization rate is 16.94%, T5 treatment utilization rate is lowest, 12.40%, T2 treatment soil residual rate is the maximum, 38.05%, T5 residue rate the most Low, 30.01%, nitrogen loss and soil residue in reverse trend, T2 nitrogen loss rate is 45.01%; T5 high 57.59%. application of biomass carbon and cow dung can increase organic matter, improve soil structure, reduce soil bulk density, optimize root growth environment, increase the number of beneficial microorganism, improve nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, but biomass carbon The combined effect of two people with cow dung was better, the microbial fertilizer with 75% cow dung +25% biomass carbon as the substrate was the best.3, and the two years old potted red Fuji / Pingyi sweet tea was used as the test material and the 15N isotope tracer technique was used to study the microbial fertilizer of different particle sizes (CK, T1, T2, T3 respectively as the control, powdery bacteria, granular bacterial fertilizer and 50% powder bacterial fertilizer. " The effect of +50% granular bacterial fertilizer mixture on growth and nitrogen absorption and utilization of apples showed that the soil nutrient content increased effectively under the different treatments of microbial fertilizer with different particle sizes, and the soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen (P, K) and organic matter content of T2 treated soil were significantly higher than those of other treatments; the soil between different treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The effect of bulk density from high to low was CKT1T3T2, and the effect of T2 treatment on soil bulk density was the best. The number of actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil treated by T2 was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The bacteria in rhizosphere soil of T1 treated plants were significantly higher than other treatments. The difference of microbial fertilizer in different grain sizes was significant in bacteria and true bacteria, and there was no significant difference in actinomycetes; T2 The plant height, stem diameter and dry weight were significantly higher than other treatments; different treatments affected the total N and plant absorption of fertilizer 15N. Compared CK, T2 treatment 15N utilization rate was 16.97%, T3 and T1 treatment was not significant, T3 treatment reached 15.65%, T1 treatment reached 15.42%. with different particle size microbial fertilizer can increase organic matter. Quality, improve soil structure, reduce soil bulk density, increase the number of beneficial microorganisms, improve nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, but the overall effect of comprehensive microbial microbial fertilizer with granular microorganism is better.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S661.1

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