本文選題：天津 + 濱海鹽堿土　； 參考：《天津理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：天津?yàn)I海地區(qū)鹽堿土大面積分布,生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,土壤條件極差,被專家稱之為“綠色禁區(qū)”。天津作為帶動(dòng)環(huán)渤海地區(qū)區(qū)域發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大引擎,在區(qū)域協(xié)同發(fā)展中舉足輕重,濱海地區(qū)的環(huán)境綠化瓶頸亟待解決。本文通過(guò)對(duì)鹽堿土改良技術(shù)和酸性殘?jiān)鼜U棄物的處理現(xiàn)狀的研究,選擇三種酸性殘?jiān)鼜U棄物(醋渣、酒糟、糠醛渣),分析其理化性質(zhì),并針對(duì)天津市獨(dú)流減河下游典型的濱海鹽堿土,開展單因素室內(nèi)土柱模擬試驗(yàn),探索酸性殘?jiān)鼜U棄物改良鹽堿土的作用過(guò)程、機(jī)理和效果;然后選用改良效果較好的醋渣,與其他改良物質(zhì)(脫硫石膏、砂土)進(jìn)行混合摻拌土柱試驗(yàn);最后開展盆栽試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證改土效果,以期為天津?yàn)I海鹽堿土的改良利用和酸性殘?jiān)鼜U棄物資源化再利用提供理論支持和技術(shù)依據(jù)。論文主要得到如下結(jié)論:1.天津?yàn)I海新區(qū)南部(大港區(qū))獨(dú)流減河下游64km處的土壤為典型的濱海鹽堿土,土壤容重為1.42g/cm3,滲透系數(shù)為2.28×10-6cm/s,黏粒和粉粒占比高達(dá)85%,土壤機(jī)械組成不合理,板結(jié)緊實(shí)、滲透性能差。土壤的含鹽量極高,均值達(dá)到18.94g/kg,pH值為8.36,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量低,屬于鹽土和強(qiáng)堿性土壤,不進(jìn)行改良就沒(méi)有利用價(jià)值。2.摻拌三種酸性殘?jiān)鼜U棄物均能顯著改善鹽堿土的物理結(jié)構(gòu),提高滲透性能,滲透系數(shù)較未摻拌鹽堿土提高1-2個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),在提高灌水脫鹽效率的同時(shí),也能夠明顯降低堿化程度。其中,醋渣和酒糟對(duì)增強(qiáng)滲透性能較強(qiáng),因而脫鹽效率更顯著,而糠醛渣抑制脫鹽堿化的能力較強(qiáng),各種酸性殘?jiān)鼜U棄物的改善程度大小均與添加比例成正比。3.單獨(dú)摻拌酸性殘?jiān)鼜U棄物時(shí),添加量20%與30%的改良效果差距不大,在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中依據(jù)投入產(chǎn)出效益原則綜合考量,一般20%的添加量就基本可以滿足改土要求。4.混合摻拌試驗(yàn)中,各處理組都能有效改善土壤的物理結(jié)構(gòu),效果優(yōu)于單因素?fù)桨�。各處理的淋溶液電�?dǎo)率和pH值的變化趨勢(shì)與單因素?fù)桨柙囼?yàn)相似,但混合摻拌的淋溶液電導(dǎo)率下降幅度更大,速度更快,pH值升高幅度較小,速度較慢,這與添加砂土提高了土壤的滲透性能和脫硫石膏降低了堿化程度有關(guān)。5.混合摻拌在提高土壤滲透性能、大大縮短淋鹽時(shí)間的同時(shí),增加了用水量,處理3的用水量最高達(dá)到了1720ml,遠(yuǎn)高于未經(jīng)摻拌的處理1的用水量(1250ml),所以在提高土壤滲透性能的同時(shí)需要考慮節(jié)約用水原則。6.綜合考量各處理的脫鹽過(guò)程、脫鹽效率及投入產(chǎn)出效益和節(jié)約用水原則,處理4(脫硫石膏1%+砂土30%+酒糟10%)對(duì)鹽堿土的綜合改良效果最好,用水1320ml便到達(dá)淋洗終點(diǎn),脫鹽時(shí)間縮短約30倍,總體脫鹽效率達(dá)到89.4%,含鹽量降至2.01g/kg,pH值為7.82,是混合摻拌試驗(yàn)的最佳組合和最佳配比。7.在盆栽驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)中,經(jīng)過(guò)淋洗的各混合摻拌處理所種植的黑麥草發(fā)芽率均達(dá)到95%以上,長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好,表明利用混合摻拌技術(shù)改良鹽堿土非常有效。最佳組合處理4種植黑麥草的發(fā)芽率和鮮重生物量均為最大值,驗(yàn)證了混合摻拌土柱試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Large area distribution of saline alkali soil in Tianjin coastal area, fragile ecological environment, poor soil conditions, is called "green forbidden zone" by experts. As a powerful engine to drive regional development around Bohai area, Tianjin is very important in regional cooperative development, and the bottleneck of environmental greening in coastal areas needs to be solved urgently. This article through the improvement of saline alkali soil technology Three kinds of acid residue waste (vinegar residue, distiller's grains, furfural slag) were selected and the physicochemical properties of acid residue waste (vinegar residue, distiller's grains, furfural residue) were analyzed. The single factor indoor soil column simulation test was carried out to explore the action process, mechanism and mechanism of acid residue waste improvement of saline alkali soil in Tianjin. Then, the improved effect of vinegar residue was selected and mixed with other modified substances (desulphurization gypsum, sand soil) mixed soil column test. Finally, the pot experiment was carried out to verify the effect of soil modification so as to provide theoretical support and technical basis for the improvement and utilization of Tianjin coastal saline alkali soil and the reuse of acid residue waste resources. The following conclusions are as follows: 1. the soil of 64km in the south of Tianjin Binhai New Area (Grand Port) is a typical coastal saline alkali soil. The soil bulk density is 1.42g/cm3, the permeability coefficient is 2.28 x 10-6cm/s, the ratio of clay and powder is up to 85%, the soil mechanical composition is not reasonable, the soil is tight, and the permeability is poor. The soil salt content is very high, the mean value reaches 1. 8.94g/kg, the value of pH is 8.36, the content of organic matter is low, which belongs to the saline soil and the strong alkaline soil. Without the improvement, the physical structure of the saline alkali soil can be improved significantly without the use of the value.2. mixed with three kinds of acid residue, and the permeability coefficient is increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the saline alkali soil, while improving the efficiency of the desalting and desalting. It can also obviously reduce the degree of alkalization, among which vinegar residue and distiller's grains have stronger permeability, thus the efficiency of desalination is more significant, and the ability of furfural slag to inhibit desalination is stronger. The improvement degree of all kinds of acid residue wastes is proportional to the addition ratio of.3. alone mixed with acid residue, adding 20% and 30%. The difference of good effect is small. In the production practice, according to the principle of input-output benefit, the general 20% addition can basically meet the mixed mixing test of the modified soil requirement.4.. Each treatment group can effectively improve the physical structure of the soil. The effect is better than the single factor mixing. The change trend of the conductivity and the pH value of the leaching solution of each treatment The single factor mixing test was similar, but the conductivity of the mixed mixed solution decreased greatly, the speed was faster, the increase of pH value was smaller and the speed was slower, which was related to the increase of soil permeability and the reduction of alkalization of desulphurization gypsum with the addition of sand soil, which was associated with the mixing of.5. mixed in the soil permeability and greatly shortening the time of salt leaching. With the increase of water consumption, the water consumption of 3 is up to 1720ml, which is far higher than that of 1 of unmixed treatment (1250ml). Therefore, the desalination process, the efficiency of desalination, the efficiency of input-output and the principle of water saving should be considered at the same time to improve the soil permeability, and the principle of desalting efficiency and input-output efficiency and water saving, 4 (desulphurizing stone) Paste 1%+ sand 30%+ distiller's grains 10%) has the best effect on the comprehensive improvement of saline alkali soil. Using 1320ml to reach the end of leaching, the desalination time shortens about 30 times, the total desalination efficiency is 89.4%, the salt content is reduced to 2.01g/kg, and the pH value is 7.82. It is the best combination and optimum ratio of mixed mixing test,.7. in the pot test, through the leaching of the various mixing. The germination rate of ryegrass planted by mixing treatment was above 95%, and the growth trend was good. It showed that it was very effective to improve the saline alkali soil by mixing mixing technology. The best combination treatment of 4 cultivated ryegrass was the maximum, and the results of mixed mixing soil column test were verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S156.42

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本文編號(hào)：1978166