本文選題：氮磷鉀配施 + 蒙古黃芪�。� 參考：《北京中醫(yī)藥大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中藥臨床療效的發(fā)揮依賴于中藥材質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)定可控,而施肥的規(guī)范性在很大程度可以調(diào)控中藥材活性成分的含量。明確氮磷鉀配施對黃芪生長、活性成分含量以及養(yǎng)分吸收的影響有重要意義。本研究采用"3414"試驗設(shè)計,從以下兩個方面研究氮磷鉀對黃芪生長、活性成分含量以及養(yǎng)分吸收的影響。一方面,通過盆栽無營養(yǎng)基質(zhì)試驗探索黃芪氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分吸收規(guī)律和氮磷鉀對黃芪養(yǎng)分吸收、積累和分配的影響;另一方面,通過盆栽和大田試驗考察氮磷鉀配施對黃芪生長和活性成分含量的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、氮磷鉀適宜施用量及比例能促進黃芪的生長和提高藥材產(chǎn)量盆栽試驗條件下,N1P2K1對黃芪生長有較好的促進作用;黃芪生長前期,N2P1K1作基肥施入可促進黃芪生長,N1P2K1在8月中旬左右可促進黃芪根干重的增加;回歸分析得知,氮、磷、鉀肥的最佳施用濃度分別為0.254、0.165和0.261 g·L-1。大田試驗條件下,N1P2K2處理可以促進正藍旗試驗區(qū)黃芪根生長和產(chǎn)量的增加;氮磷鉀的最佳施用量為7.89 g·m2、9.91 g·m2和6.5 g·m2。N2P2K0對多倫試驗區(qū)黃芪的根生長和產(chǎn)量均有較好的增加效應;磷鉀的最佳施用量為9.42 g·m2、12.0 g·m2和0g·m2;河北圍場試驗區(qū)的黃芪生長和產(chǎn)量均較高的處理為N2P2K2;氮磷鉀的最佳施用量為7.06 g·m2、13.33 g·m2 和 8.98 g·m2。2、氮磷鉀配施對黃芪活性成分含量及產(chǎn)量有顯著影響在盆栽試驗條件下,N2P0K2和NoPoKo處理的毛蕊異黃酮苷、芒柄花苷和總黃酮含量較高,但單株產(chǎn)量較低。N1P2K1處理的單株毛蕊異黃酮苷、芒柄花苷和總黃酮產(chǎn)量最高;處理N1P2K1的黃芪總多糖含量和單株總多糖產(chǎn)量均為最大值;N2P3K2和N1P2K1處理的黃芪甲苷含量和產(chǎn)量均較高。綜合分析,不同濃度氮磷鉀配施對黃芪總黃酮、黃芪甲苷和總多糖產(chǎn)量的影響,N1P2K1處理對黃芪活性成分積累促進作用較好。大田試驗條件下,氮磷鉀配施對不同試驗地黃芪活性成分含量的影響不同。在正藍旗試驗區(qū),N2P2K2處理的毛蕊異黃酮苷和芒柄花苷含量最高分別為0.83 mg·g-1和0.25 mg·g-1;N1P1K2處理的黃芪甲苷含量最高為1.25mg·g-1;N2P1K2處理的總多糖含量高達192.75 mg·g-1。多倫試驗區(qū),N2P3K2處理的毛蕊異黃酮苷和芒柄花苷含量最高為0.61 mg·g-1和0.36mg·g-1;N2P2K2、N2P3K2處理的黃芪甲苷含量高達1.74、1.71mg·g-1;N3P2K2處理的總多糖含量最高達316.03 mg·g-1。圍場試驗區(qū),N3P2K2處理的毛蕊異黃酮苷和芒柄花苷含量高達0.61 mg·g-1和0.27 mg·g-1;N2P2K2、N2P2K0處理的黃芪甲苷含量分別達1.26、1.23 mg·g-1;N1P2K1處理的總多糖含量高達 289.74mg·g-1。3、揭示黃芪養(yǎng)分吸收積累與分配的規(guī)律7月1日前后,地上部分氮磷鉀配施的養(yǎng)分吸收量依次為氮鉀磷;后期地上部分氮磷鉀配施的養(yǎng)分吸收量依次為鉀氮磷。隨黃芪生長,黃芪根部氮磷鉀的吸收量逐漸增加,均在11月17日前后達到最大值。在黃芪不同生長時期,鉀元素主要在分布在黃芪的地上部分,10月1日前地上部分鉀元素的分配率明顯高于根。10月1日前,氮磷元素也主要分配在地上。10月1日前,黃芪根部吸收養(yǎng)分主要分配在地上,保證地上部分的光合作用產(chǎn)生更多化合物,以促進黃芪根部的生長。N2、N3對黃芪地上部分氮含量和吸收量的增加促進作用較好;10月1日前,N1對黃芪根部氮吸收量的促進作用較好,后期氮吸收量隨氮濃度升高而增加。黃芪地上部分和根部磷含量和吸收量隨磷濃度的升高的增加;黃芪地上部分鉀吸收量隨磷鉀濃的升高而增加。
[Abstract]:The clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine depends on the stability and controllability of the quality of Chinese medicinal materials, and the normalization of fertilization can regulate the content of active ingredients in Chinese medicinal materials to a great extent. It is important to clarify the effect of N, P and K on the growth of Astragalus, the content of active ingredients and the effect of nutrient absorption. The research adopts the "3414" experiment design, from the following two aspects The effects of N, P and K on the growth, content and nutrient absorption of Astragalus membranaceus were studied. On the one hand, the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption and the effects of N, P and K on the nutrient absorption, accumulation and distribution of Astragalus membranaceus were investigated by pot culture without nutrient matrix test. On the other hand, the growth of Astragalus membranaceus by the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was investigated by pot and field experiments. The main results are as follows: 1, the suitable amount and proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can promote the growth of Astragalus and increase the yield of medicinal herbs, N1P2K1 has a good promotion effect on the growth of Astragalus membranaceus. The application of N2P1K1 as base fertilizer can promote the growth of Astragalus, and N1P2K1 can be promoted around mid August. The dry weight of Radix Astragali was increased; the optimum application concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was 0.254,0.165 and 0.261 g L-1. field test conditions respectively. N1P2K2 treatment could promote the growth and yield of astragalus root in the test area of the Zheng blue flag. The optimum application amount of N, P, K and K was 7.89 G. G. M2 and 6.5 g m2.N2P2K0. The root growth and yield of Astragalus membranaceus have a good increase effect. The optimum application amount of phosphorus and potassium is 9.42 G. M2,12.0 G. M2 and 0g. M2. The growth and yield of Astragalus membranaceus in the Hebei paddock test area are all N2P2K2; the optimum application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 7.06 G. M2,13.33 G. M2 and 8.98 G. The content and yield significantly affected the content of the isoflavone glucoside, anononetin and total flavonoids in N2P0K2 and NoPoKo treatments, but the yield of single plant and total flavonoids in single plant with low yield and.N1P2K1 treatment was the highest, and the total polysaccharide content and total polysaccharide yield of Astragalus membranaceus treated with N1P2K1 were all The content of astragaloside and the yield of Astragalus membranaceus treated by N2P3K2 and N1P2K1 were all high. Comprehensive analysis, the effects of different concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the total flavonoids of Astragalus, astragaloside and the yield of total polysaccharides, N1P2K1 treatment had better effect on the accumulation of Astragalus active components. The content of the contents of N2P2K2 was 0.83 mg. G-1 and 0.25 mg. G-1, respectively. The content of astragaloside in N1P1K2 treated astragaloside was the highest 1.25mg. G-1; the total polysaccharide content in N2P1K2 treatment was 192.75 mg. G-1. multi test area, and the N2P3K2 treated hairy isoflavone glycosides And the content of alonstinin was 0.61 mg. G-1 and 0.36mg. G-1, N2P2K2, N2P3K2 treated astragaloside content was up to 1.74,1.71mg. G-1, and the content of total polysaccharide in N3P2K2 treatment was up to 316.03 mg. G-1. paddock. The content of the contents of the isoflavone glycosides and the glucoside of the N3P2K2 treatment was 0.61 The content of astragaloside was 1.26,1.23 mg g-1, respectively, and the total polysaccharide content of N1P2K1 treatment was as high as 289.74mg. G-1.3. The rule of nutrient absorption and accumulation and distribution of Astragalus membranaceus was found before July 1st. The nutrient absorption of the partial nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application in the upper part of the soil was sequentially n, K and P, and the nutrient absorption of the upper part of the upper part of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was potassium and phosphorus in turn. With the growth of Astragalus, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the root of Astragalus gradually increased and reached the maximum after November 17th. In the period of different growth of Astragalus, potassium was mainly distributed in the upper part of Astragalus, and the distribution rate of potassium in the ground part before October 1st was obviously higher than that before the 1 day of.10 month, and the nitrogen and phosphorus elements were mainly distributed on the 1 day of the earth. Before, the root absorption of astragalus root is mainly distributed on the ground, which ensures the photosynthesis of the upper part of the earth to produce more compounds to promote the growth of the root of Astragalus membranaceus.N2. N3 has a good effect on the increase of nitrogen content and absorption of the upper part of Astragalus. Before October 1st, N1 has a better effect on the nitrogen absorption of astragalus root, and nitrogen absorption in the later period with nitrogen. The concentration of phosphorus and absorption in the upper and root parts of Astragalus increased with the increase of phosphorus concentration, and the amount of potassium absorption in the upper part of Astragalus was increased with the increase of phosphorus and potassium concentration.
【學位授予單位】：北京中醫(yī)藥大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S567.239

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