本文選題：西伯利亞杏 + 表型變異��； 參考：《中國林業(yè)科學研究院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：西伯利亞杏(Armeniaca sibirica(L.)Lam)耐干旱、瘠薄、適應性強,廣泛應用于沙漠防護林營造,發(fā)揮著重要生態(tài)價值;西伯利亞杏仁富含脂肪酸、蛋白質、苦杏仁苷等物質,具有極高的營養(yǎng)價值,是重要的木本油料樹種、植物蛋白資源和藥用資源。為明確內蒙古西伯利亞杏天然群體種群間和種群內的表型多樣性,以內蒙古西伯利亞杏天然種群為研究對象,通過巢式方差分析、多重比較、變異分析、相關性分析和主成分分析等多種分析方法,對種群間和種群內的表型多樣性及其與地理生態(tài)因子的相關性進行了研究;對入選西伯利亞杏優(yōu)良種質的生長性狀、經(jīng)濟性狀、品質性狀、抗性等進行變異分析、相關性分析、聚類分析和主成分分析,估算種源和家系的遺傳力和遺傳增益,從而篩選豐產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質的種源和家系;對入選單株的杏仁氨基酸和脂肪酸進行差異分析和營養(yǎng)價值進行評價,通過相關性分析和聚類分析篩選高品質優(yōu)良單株;對入選單株進行開花物候調查,篩選避晚霜晚花優(yōu)良單株;對入選單株的幼果進行人工模擬降溫處理,分析保護酶和滲透調節(jié)物質的低溫變化規(guī)律,通過差異分析、多重比較、聚類分析和隸屬函數(shù)法進行抗寒性評價,篩選抗晚霜優(yōu)良單株。主要研究結果如下:1.內蒙古西伯利亞杏在種群間和種群內均存在豐富的變異。種群間的變異(47.15%)大于種群內的變異(16.43%),表型性狀的平均分化系數(shù)為73.03%,種群間變異是西伯利亞杏表型變異的主要變異來源。土默特左旗萬家溝種群表型多樣性最豐富,科爾沁右翼前旗察爾森種群最小。表型性狀主要受經(jīng)度、年降水量以及年日照時數(shù)三個主要地理生態(tài)因子影響。通過主成分分析可以把13個種源區(qū)劃為四大類,其中烏拉山種群的葉性狀和阿魯科爾沁旗種群的核形狀受地理生態(tài)因子影響最大。西伯利亞杏各種性狀的變異系數(shù)均值為20.93%,產(chǎn)仁量的變異系數(shù)(68.27%)最大,果形指數(shù)的變異系數(shù)(7.99%)最小,數(shù)量性狀的Shannon-weaver多樣性信息指數(shù)(2.645)大于質量性狀(0.265);各部位性狀變異系數(shù)大小順序為葉果核仁,多樣性信息指數(shù)大小順序為葉核仁果。核、仁等主要經(jīng)濟性狀之間存在廣泛的相關性,且產(chǎn)仁量、苦杏仁苷、粗脂肪分別與緯度、經(jīng)度、年平均氣溫密切相關。2.內蒙古西伯利亞杏的優(yōu)良種源和優(yōu)良家系選擇。產(chǎn)仁量、仁干質量、出仁率、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、苦杏仁苷等主要經(jīng)濟性狀在種源間差異極顯著,將種源分為5類,第Ⅰ類群的產(chǎn)仁量高、仁大;第Ⅱ類群的出仁率高,粗蛋白含量高;第Ⅲ類群的粗脂肪和苦杏仁苷含量高;第Ⅳ類群各項指標都較低;第Ⅴ類群的產(chǎn)仁量高、粗脂肪和苦杏仁苷含量高。前6個主成分貢獻率達到80.716%,根據(jù)主成分值對西伯利亞種源進行排序:敖漢旗涼城和林格爾縣萬家溝科右中旗察爾森扎魯特旗科左后旗巴林右旗扎賚特旗,前3個種源為優(yōu)良種源。根據(jù)單性狀選擇之育種值排名法,進行優(yōu)良家系選擇,當直接選擇的目標性狀分別為產(chǎn)仁量、出仁率、粗脂肪時各經(jīng)濟性狀能夠得到較大增益。因此以產(chǎn)仁量、出仁率、粗脂肪三個主要指標為目的性狀,通過多性狀聯(lián)合選擇之獨立挑選法進行家系選擇,共得到14個優(yōu)良家系,三個目的性狀的現(xiàn)實增益分別為34.86%、18.54%和2.97%,能夠使得各個經(jīng)濟性狀獲得較為理想的改良。3.內蒙古西伯利亞杏仁氨基酸、脂肪酸評價及優(yōu)良單株選擇。西伯利亞杏仁18種氨基酸齊全,總氨基酸含量均值為30.11 g/100 g。各種氨基酸變異系數(shù)均值為22.15%,色氨酸的變異系數(shù)(36.36%)最大,精氨酸的變異系數(shù)(12.54%)最小,各類氨基酸含量變異較大,總氨基酸含量相對穩(wěn)定。西伯利亞杏仁必需氨基酸含量均值為7.67g/100 g,第一限制性氨基酸為蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(Met+Cys),氨基酸比值系數(shù)SRC均值為63.14。西伯利亞杏的兒童必需氨基酸、味覺氨基酸和藥用氨基酸含量極其豐富,味覺氨基酸和藥用氨基酸含量占總氨基酸比例分別達到38.22%和71.98%。不同種源間各類氨基酸含量有有明顯差異,而各類氨基酸含量之間的比例相對穩(wěn)定,巴林右旗種源的各類氨基酸含量最高,和林縣種源的SRC值最大。氨基酸總量、必需氨基酸、兒童必需氨基酸、芳香族氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、鮮味氨基酸、藥用氨基酸含量相互之間存在極顯著(p0.01)正相關關系。聚類分析將種質分為4個類群,第Ⅱ類群的9個單株的各類氨基酸含量均最高,為優(yōu)良單株,其中總氨基酸含量37.26 g/100 g,必需氨基酸含量9.84 g/100 g,兒童必需氨基酸含量4.36 g/100 g,味覺氨基酸含量24.19 g/100 g,藥用氨基酸含量25.79 g/100g,各類氨基酸的現(xiàn)實增益平均值為32.60%,改良效果顯著。西伯利亞杏仁主要分離出油酸、亞油酸、亞麻酸、棕櫚油酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸等6種脂肪酸,飽和脂肪酸的相對含量平均值為3.71%;不飽和脂肪酸的相對含量平均值為94.33%;單不飽和脂肪酸的相對含量平均值為65.88%;多不飽和脂肪酸的相對含量平均值為28.45%。6種脂肪酸變異系數(shù)均值為14.71%,棕櫚油酸的變異系數(shù)(24.75%)最大,油酸的變異系數(shù)(4.91%)最小。飽和脂肪酸的含量變異(11.82%)較大,不飽和脂肪酸的含量變異(2.80%)相對較小。各類脂肪酸含量之間關系密切,不飽和脂肪酸主要為油酸。聚類分析將種質資源分為4個類群,第Ⅲ類群9個單株為優(yōu)良單株,其不飽和脂肪酸的相對含量高達95.47%,單不飽和脂肪酸的相對含量高達69.56%,飽和脂肪酸的相對含量低至3.42%,不飽和脂肪酸、單不飽和脂肪酸以及飽和脂肪酸的選擇增益分別為1.21%、5.58%和-7.93%,改良效果顯著。4.內蒙古西伯利亞杏抗(避)倒春寒優(yōu)良單株選擇。西伯利亞杏58.13%的單株盛花期分布在4月21日到4月24日之間,以4月21日最為集中。以推遲開花7 d以上(相對于4月21日)為標準進行晚花選育,分別得到盛花期推遲7 d、8 d、9 d、10 d、11 d的優(yōu)良單株17、10、13、3、3棵,具有一定的避開晚霜凍害的潛力。隨著低溫脅迫的加深,西伯利亞杏幼果SOD活性,總體呈現(xiàn)先升后降的趨勢,在0℃和-2℃處較高;POD活性隨著溫度的降低,總體呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢,在-2℃出有略微上升;可溶性蛋白質總體呈降-升-降的趨勢,在0℃處最低,在-2℃最高;可溶性糖總體呈升-降-升的趨勢,在-2℃最高,在-3℃處最低;游離脯氨酸整體呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢,在-1℃和-3℃處有略微上升。5個參試抗寒性性狀在不同單株之間存在極顯著差異(p0.01)。聚類分析將參試種質資源分為3類,第Ⅰ類群的SOD活性(19.59 unit/g·FM)和可溶性糖含量(151.42 mg/g·M)最高;第Ⅱ類群的POD活性(22.54 unit/g·FM)最高;第Ⅲ類群的可溶性蛋白質含量(26.85 mg/g·FM)和游離脯氨酸含量(2825.87μg/g·M)最高。不同抗寒性物質間相對比較獨立,相關性不強,只有可溶性蛋白質和游離脯氨酸含量之間存在顯著正相關關系(p0.05)。通過主成分和隸屬函數(shù)法將各抗寒性性狀綜合評價,各單株抗寒性排名為:F26西26-1G16PT75PT7612044晚44-5西13-1PT86PT80。
[Abstract]:Siberia apricot (Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam) is drought resistant, barren and adaptable. It is widely used in desert shelter forest and plays an important ecological value. Almond in Siberia is rich in fatty acid, protein, bitter amygdalin and so on. It has high nutritional value. It is an important woody oil tree, plant protein and medicinal resources. The phenotypic diversity of apricot natural population and population in Siberia, Inner Mongolia, was identified. By using the nested analysis of variance, multiple comparison, variation analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the phenotypic diversity and its location in the population and population of Siberia apricot population in Inner Mongolia were studied. The correlation of the ecological factors was studied, and the variation analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were carried out on the growth traits, economic traits, quality traits and resistance of Siberia apricot fine germplasm, and the heritability and genetic gain of the provenances and families were estimated, so as to screen the high yield, high quality source and family. The difference analysis and nutritional value of almond amino acids and fatty acids in single plant were evaluated, and high quality and excellent single plants were screened by correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The regulation of low temperature change of substances was adjusted, and the cold resistance was evaluated by the difference analysis, multiple comparison, cluster analysis and membership function method. The main research results were as follows: 1. the Siberia apricot in Inner Mongolia had abundant variation in the population and population. The variation among population (47.15%) was greater than that in the population (16 .43%), the average differentiation coefficient of phenotypic traits is 73.03%. The variation among populations is the main variation source of phenotypic variation of Siberia apricot. The phenotypic diversity of the Wanjia population is the most abundant, and the population of Horqin Right Wing Front Banner is the smallest. The 13 sources can be divided into four categories by principal component analysis. Among them, the leaf traits of the uralan population and the nuclear shape of the alhorqin flag population are most affected by the geographical ecological factors. The mean of variation coefficient of various characters of Siberia apricot is 20.93%, the coefficient of variation of kernel yield (68.27%) is the largest, and the variation of fruit shape index is changed. The coefficient (7.99%) is the smallest, the Shannon-weaver diversity index (2.645) of quantitative traits is greater than that of quality traits (0.265), and the order of variation coefficients in each part is the kernel of leaf and fruit, and the order of diversity information index is the main economic characters of kernel fruit, kernel and kernel, and the kernel quantity, amygdalin, and crude fat The fats are closely related to latitude, longitude and annual mean temperature in.2. Inner Mongolia Siberia Apricot's excellent source and family selection. The main economic characters such as kernel yield, kernel weight, kernel rate, crude fat, crude protein, amygdalin and other main economic characters are very significant, and the species are divided into 5 types, and the kernel quantity of class I group is high, and the second group is group II. High yield and high crude protein content, high content of crude fat and amygdalin in the third group, lower group IV groups, high yield of group V, high content of crude fat and amygdalin. The contribution rate of the first 6 main components reached 80.716%, and the source of cberli subspecies was ranked according to the main score: Helingeer, Liangcheng. The first 3 sources are excellent provenances in the right flag of Bahrain, the right flag of the flag of the Wanjia gully, the Right Banner of the Wanjia gully, the Right Banner in the right middle flag of the county of Wanjia gully. The three main indexes of kernel yield, kernel rate and crude fat are the target characters, and the family selection is selected by the independent selection method of multiple characters combined selection, and 14 excellent families are obtained. The real gain of three target characters is 34.86%, 18.54% and 2.97%, which can make the various economic traits better.3. Inner Mongolia Siberia. Almond amino acid, fatty acid evaluation and excellent single plant selection. The 18 amino acids of Siberia almond are complete. The mean value of total amino acids is 30.11 g/100 g., the mean value of variation coefficient of amino acids is 22.15%, the variation coefficient of tryptophan (36.36%) is the largest, the variation coefficient of arginine (12.54%) is the smallest, the contents of all kinds of amino acids are larger, the total amino groups are amino acids. The content of acid content is relatively stable. The essential amino acid content of Siberia almond is 7.67g/100 g, the first limiting amino acid is methionine + cystine (Met+Cys), the mean amino acid ratio coefficient SRC is the essential amino acid of children of 63.14. Siberia apricot, the content of taste amino acid and medicinal amidic acid is extremely rich, the taste amino acid and the medicinal amino acid amino acid are very rich. The content of acid content accounted for 38.22% and 71.98%. of the total amino acids, and the content of various amino acids in different kinds of amino acids was obviously different, and the proportion of all kinds of amino acids was relatively stable. The content of all kinds of amino acids in the source of Bahrain right flag was the highest, and the SRC value of the provenance of Lin county was the largest. Aromatic amino acids, sweet amino acids, tasty amino acids, and medicinal amino acids are positively correlated with each other (P0.01). Cluster analysis divides the germplasm into 4 groups. The contents of all kinds of amino acids in the 9 single species of the second group are the highest, the content of the total amino acids is 37.26 g/100 g, and the essential amino acid content is 9.84. G/100 g, the essential amino acid content of children is 4.36 g/100 g, the content of taste amino acids is 24.19 g/100 g, the content of medicinal amino acids is 25.79 g/100g, the average gain of various kinds of amino acids is 32.60%, and the improvement effect is remarkable. The Siberia almond is mainly separated from oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and so on 6 fatty acids. The average value of the relative content of fatty acids is 3.71%, the average of the relative content of the unsaturated fatty acids is 94.33%, the average of the relative content of the monounsaturated fatty acids is 65.88%, the average of the relative content of the polyunsaturated fatty acids is 14.71%, the coefficient of variation (24.75%) of the palmitic acid (24.75%) is the largest, and the oleic acid is the oleic acid. The variation coefficient (4.91%) was the smallest. The variation of the content of saturated fatty acids (11.82%) was larger, the variation of the content of unsaturated fatty acids (2.80%) was relatively small. The relationship between the content of fatty acids was close and the unsaturated fatty acids were mainly oleic acid. The cluster analysis divided the germplasm into 4 groups, and the third group was 9 single plants, and their unsaturated fat. The relative content of acid is as high as 95.47%, the relative content of monounsaturated fatty acids is 69.56%, the relative content of saturated fatty acids is low to 3.42%, the selection gain of unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids are 1.21%, 5.58% and -7.93%, respectively. The improvement effect shows the excellent single of.4. Inner Mongolia apricot against (repellent) spring cold. Plant selection. The flowering period of single plant of Siberia apricot 58.13% was distributed between April 21st and April 24th, which was the most concentrated in April 21st. Late flowering was selected as the standard to postpone flowering 7 d (relative to April 21st). The flowering period was delayed by 7 d, 8 D, 9 d, 10 D and 11 d. Potential. With the deepening of low temperature stress, the SOD activity of young fruit of apricot in Siberia showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing, which was higher at 0 and -2. With the decrease of temperature, the activity of POD showed a downward trend, and a slight increase in -2 C; the total soluble protein showed a downward trend, the lowest at 0, and the highest at -2. The tendency of sexual sugar to rise and rise was the highest at -2 C, the lowest at -3 C, the whole of free proline showed a downward trend, and there was a slight rise in the cold resistance of.5 at -1 and -3 C (P0.01). The cluster analysis was divided into 3 types, the SOD activity of the first group (19.59 unit/). The content of G. FM) and soluble sugar (151.42 mg/g. M) were the highest, the POD activity of group II (22.54 unit/g. FM) was the highest, the soluble protein content (26.85 mg/g. FM) and free proline content (2825.87 mu g/g M) of group III group were highest. The different cold resistant substances were relatively independent, and the correlation was not strong, only soluble protein and free proline were found. There is a significant positive correlation between the content of ammonia acid (P0.05). The cold resistance of each plant is evaluated by the principal component and the membership function method, and the cold resistance of each plant is ranked as: F26 West 26-1G16PT75PT7612044 late 44-5 West 13-1PT86PT80.
【學位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S662.2

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