本文選題：MODIS + 水稻　； 參考：《浙江大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：糧食安全是國家安全、社會穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基礎,我國作為擁有13.7億人口的發(fā)展中大國,糧食安全問題則擺在更突出、更重要的位置。東北三省是我國的糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)和商品糧基地,粳稻種植面積占全國的46%,產(chǎn)量更達到50%以上,其生產(chǎn)過程也是農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水消耗的大戶。水資源是“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的命脈”,目前我國農(nóng)業(yè)用水占總用水額的63%左右,但農(nóng)業(yè)用水效率只有50%。在上述背景下,本文利用遙感和氣象數(shù)據(jù)對東北三省水稻的灌溉需水量進行評估,這對確保糧食安全及農(nóng)業(yè)水資源可持續(xù)利用具有積極意義。本文首先在東北地區(qū)選擇了 50個具有代表性的水稻試驗田,獲取了灌水移栽期內(nèi)植被指數(shù)EVI和水體指數(shù)LSWI數(shù)據(jù),分析兩者關系并構建水稻種植面積識別算法;然后介紹了 MOD16A2全球蒸散發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)并提取了東北三省蒸散發(fā)ET的空間分布;再利用降雨數(shù)據(jù)并根據(jù)美國農(nóng)業(yè)部土壤保持局推薦的方法計算有效降雨ER,利用東北三省土壤數(shù)據(jù)估算田間土壤深層滲漏DP;最后用ET數(shù)據(jù)逐像元減去ER、DP數(shù)據(jù)并結合水稻面積掩膜得到水稻凈灌溉需水量,考慮渠系輸水損失得到總灌溉需水量。本文主要成果和創(chuàng)新點:(1)東北三省水稻種植主要分布在黑龍江省,吉林與遼寧兩省相對較少,面積提取的整體誤差在5%以內(nèi)。(2)東北三省蒸散發(fā)從空間分布上看,由西至東遞增,呈現(xiàn)有規(guī)律的環(huán)狀分布。ET集中在220～450mm間,五年均值為329.23mm。(3)根據(jù)美國農(nóng)業(yè)部土壤保持局推薦方法計算有效降雨,有效降雨區(qū)間大致在150～800mm間,空間上從東南向西北遞減。(4)本文對東北三省土壤數(shù)據(jù)分類,并結合水稻滲漏量資料以及土壤地質(zhì)情況,對土壤滲漏量合理賦值:粘土2.30mm/day,壤土2.80mm/day,砂土3.40mm/day。(5)引入灌溉需求指數(shù)IDI來反映生育期內(nèi)水稻對灌溉的依賴程度,東北大部分地區(qū)IDI值在0.4以上,表明東北地區(qū)對灌溉用水需求較高,東北三省總灌溉需水量均值大約在500～600mm之間。
[Abstract]:Food security is the basis of national security, social stability and economic development. As a developing country with a population of 1.37 billion, China's food security problem is more prominent and more important. The three provinces of Northeast China are the main grain producing areas and commodity grain bases in China. The planting area of japonica rice accounts for 46% of the whole country, and the yield is more than 50%. The production process is also a large household of water consumption for agricultural irrigation. Water resources are the lifeblood of agricultural production. At present, agricultural water use accounts for 63% of the total water consumption in China, but the efficiency of agricultural water use is only 50%. Under the above background, this paper uses remote sensing and meteorological data to evaluate the irrigation water demand of rice in the three provinces of Northeast China, which is of positive significance to ensure the food security and the sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources. In this paper, 50 representative rice experimental fields were selected in Northeast China. The data of vegetation index (EVI) and water index (LSWI) during irrigation and transplanting period were obtained, and the relationship between them was analyzed and the recognition algorithm of rice planting area was constructed. Then the global evapotranspiration data of MOD16A2 are introduced and the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration et in three provinces of Northeast China is extracted. Using rainfall data and according to the method recommended by USDA soil Conservation Bureau to calculate effective rainfall ERS, and using soil data from three provinces of Northeast China to estimate soil leakage DPin depth in the field; finally, subtract ERDP data from et data by pixel and combine them with each other. The net irrigation water requirement of rice was obtained by rice area mask. The total irrigation water requirement was obtained by considering the canal system water transfer loss. The main achievements and innovative points of this paper are as follows: (1) Rice cultivation in the three Northeast provinces is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang Province, while the two provinces of Jilin and Liaoning are relatively small, and the overall error of area extraction is within 5%. (2) the evapotranspiration of the three Northeast provinces increases from west to east in terms of spatial distribution. There was a regular ring distribution. Et concentrated in 220~450mm, with a mean of 329.23 mm. 3) according to the method recommended by USDA soil Conservation Bureau, the effective rainfall was calculated, and the effective rainfall range was approximately between 150~800mm. Spatially decreasing from southeast to northwest.) the soil data of three provinces in Northeast China are classified in this paper, and combined with the data of rice leakage and soil geology, The rational value of soil leakage is: clay 2.30mm / day, loam 2.80mm / dayand sandy soil 3.40mm / day.5) Irrigation demand index (IDI) is introduced to reflect the degree of rice dependence on irrigation during growth period. The IDI value of most parts of Northeast China is more than 0.4, which indicates that the demand for irrigation water in Northeast area is high. The average value of total irrigation water demand in the three provinces of Northeast China is about 500~600mm.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511;S274

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 陳浩;李正國;唐鵬欽;胡亞南;譚杰揚;劉珍環(huán);游良志;楊鵬;;氣候變化背景下東北水稻的時空分布特征[J];應用生態(tài)學報;2016年08期

2 周彥昭;周劍;李妍;王旭峰;;利用SEBAL和改進的SEBAL模型估算黑河中游戈壁、綠洲的蒸散發(fā)[J];冰川凍土;2014年06期

3 李放;沈彥俊;;地表遙感蒸散發(fā)模型研究進展[J];資源科學;2014年07期

4 符娜;劉小剛;張巖;楊啟良;;西南地區(qū)水稻灌溉需水量變化規(guī)律[J];生態(tài)學雜志;2014年07期

5 楊琪;張勃;尹海霞;趙一飛;李小亞;;甘肅河東地區(qū)近50年小麥需水量變化趨勢及影響因子[J];生態(tài)學雜志;2013年11期

6 劉玉春;姜紅安;李存東;黃鶴;潘增輝;柴春嶺;;河北省棉花灌溉需水量與灌溉需求指數(shù)分析[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學報;2013年19期

7 馬明國;宋怡;王旭峰;韓輝邦;于文憑;;AVHRR、VEGETATION和MODIS時間系列遙感數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品現(xiàn)狀與應用研究進展[J];遙感技術與應用;2012年05期

8 王宏;譚國明;孫慶川;周賀玲;;承德春玉米需水量變化及其與氣象因子的關系[J];氣象與環(huán)境學報;2012年04期

9 徐振偉;;世界糧食危機與中國糧食安全[J];東北亞論壇;2012年03期

10 李勇;楊曉光;葉清;黃晚華;;1961-2007年長江中下游地區(qū)水稻需水量的變化特征[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學報;2011年09期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 張旭東;東北三省水稻水分生產(chǎn)率時空變化規(guī)律研究[D];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學;2014年

，

本文編號：1958998