本文選題：施肥監(jiān)測(cè) + 施肥計(jì)量��； 參考：《黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：施肥是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中重要的環(huán)節(jié),施肥質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣直接影響糧食產(chǎn)量。農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化高速發(fā)展的今天,氣吸式精播機(jī)的運(yùn)用提高了生產(chǎn)效率,節(jié)約成本。氣吸式精播機(jī)具有播種施肥同步化,高速作業(yè)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但施肥過(guò)程中,氣吸式精播機(jī)與其他類型播種機(jī)一樣施肥過(guò)程全封閉,人工觀測(cè)作業(yè)無(wú)法保證施肥過(guò)程中的施肥作業(yè)質(zhì)量和施肥作業(yè)效率。對(duì)于施肥量?jī)H靠人工測(cè)算,不僅造成肥料浪費(fèi),同時(shí)帶來(lái)環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題。因此對(duì)氣吸式播種機(jī)的施肥過(guò)程進(jìn)行電子監(jiān)測(cè)與計(jì)量十分有必要。參考查閱了目前國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)于施肥計(jì)量與監(jiān)測(cè)的研究現(xiàn)狀,在現(xiàn)有研究技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了氣吸式精播機(jī)施肥計(jì)量監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)。研究了影響施肥量的參數(shù)因素,對(duì)常用的顆粒肥料進(jìn)行了密度、三維尺寸測(cè)定。分析研究了排肥口有效工作長(zhǎng)度參數(shù)與排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)排肥量大小的影響,得出在排肥量的大小上排肥口有效工作長(zhǎng)度比排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速的影響更加顯著的結(jié)論。開發(fā)以嵌入式工控電腦為系統(tǒng)核心處理器,定義上位機(jī)系統(tǒng)各模塊功能,對(duì)上位機(jī)軟件結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā),確定系統(tǒng)軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)肥量監(jiān)測(cè)、肥管監(jiān)測(cè)報(bào)警、肥箱空堵報(bào)警、精播機(jī)GPS定位等功能。定義了系統(tǒng)的通信協(xié)議與通信地址分配,為上位機(jī)系統(tǒng)加入抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)。確定以STCl2C5A60S2單片機(jī)做為下位機(jī)采集點(diǎn)處理器,完成下位機(jī)各數(shù)據(jù)采集傳感器的選型與電路設(shè)計(jì),針對(duì)肥流監(jiān)測(cè)傳感器的選型提出影響肥流監(jiān)測(cè)的因素,提出抗塵處理方法加入到肥流監(jiān)測(cè)傳感器的選型與電路設(shè)計(jì)中。對(duì)下位機(jī)各數(shù)據(jù)采集點(diǎn)軟件功能與采集節(jié)點(diǎn)通信進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)。完成了硬件調(diào)試工作,加入了電路系統(tǒng)的抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)。對(duì)施肥計(jì)量監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行可靠性與準(zhǔn)確性驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室初期的施肥量標(biāo)定試驗(yàn),確定排肥口有效工作長(zhǎng)度、機(jī)車行進(jìn)速度、系統(tǒng)排肥量之間的關(guān)系,建立了數(shù)學(xué)模型。完成了系統(tǒng)施肥量田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),對(duì)田間施肥量試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)與實(shí)驗(yàn)室施肥量數(shù)據(jù)誤差進(jìn)行比對(duì)修成,提高系統(tǒng)計(jì)量精度。結(jié)果表明:該監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)能夠準(zhǔn)確的監(jiān)測(cè)排肥管空堵工況狀態(tài)、肥箱排空工況狀態(tài)、施肥量實(shí)時(shí)累計(jì)計(jì)算。該系統(tǒng)抗塵性能良好、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,達(dá)到了施肥計(jì)量監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)目的。
[Abstract]:Fertilization is an important link in agricultural production, and the quality of fertilization directly affects grain yield. With the rapid development of agricultural modernization, the application of air-suction fine seeder improves production efficiency and saves cost. Air-sucking fine sowing machine has the advantages of synchronous sowing and fertilization, high-speed operation and so on. However, in the process of fertilization, the air suction precision sowing machine and other types of seeding machine are closed in the process of fertilization, and the artificial observation can not guarantee the quality and efficiency of the fertilizing operation in the process of fertilization. The amount of fertilizer is calculated by artificial method, which not only causes waste of fertilizer, but also brings environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and measure the fertilization process of air-sucking seeder. The present situation of fertilization metering and monitoring at home and abroad is consulted. Based on the existing research technology, the design and test of fertilizer metering and monitoring system for air-sucking fine seeding machine are put forward. The parameter factors affecting the amount of fertilizer were studied, and the density and three dimensional size of the commonly used granular fertilizer were measured. The effects of the effective working length parameters of the outlet and the rotation speed of the discharge shaft on the discharge amount are analyzed. It is concluded that the effective working length of the outlet is more significant than the rotational speed of the discharge shaft. Taking embedded industrial control computer as the core processor of the system, defining the functions of each module of the upper computer system, designing and developing the software structure of the upper computer, determining the system software to realize the fertilizer quantity monitoring, the fertilizer tube monitoring and alarming, and the empty blocking warning of the fat box. Precision seeder GPS positioning and other functions. The communication protocol and address assignment of the system are defined, and the anti-interference design is added to the upper computer system. The selection and circuit design of each data acquisition sensor of STCl2C5A60S2 single chip computer are determined, and the factors influencing the monitoring of fertilizer flow are put forward for the selection of the sensor. The dust-resistant treatment method is put forward in the selection and circuit design of the fertilizer flow monitoring sensor. The software function of the data acquisition point of the lower computer and the communication between the data acquisition node and the data acquisition node are designed and developed. The hardware debugging is completed, and the anti-interference design of the circuit system is added. The reliability and accuracy of the fertilizer metering and monitoring system were tested. The relationship among the effective working length of the discharge port, the speed of locomotive travel and the amount of fertilizer discharged by the system was determined by the calibration test of fertilizer quantity in the early stage of the laboratory, and the mathematical model was established. The field verification experiment of system fertilization quantity was completed. The error of field fertilization experiment data was compared with that of laboratory fertilization quantity data to improve the measurement accuracy of the system. The results show that the monitoring system can accurately monitor the empty state of fertilizer pipe, the empty state of fertilizer box, and the calculation of accumulative amount of fertilizer in real time. The system has good dust resistance and stable operation, and achieves the design purpose of fertilizer metering and monitoring system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S223.2

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