本文選題：森林土壤 + 林分類型��； 參考：《中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著森林土壤在森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的作用日益突出,對(duì)森林土壤質(zhì)量狀況的研究越來越受到重視。山東省地理區(qū)位特殊,森林資源豐富,林業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)。本文通過對(duì)山東省主要山地(泰山、蒙山、嶗山、昆崳山)不同林分類型下土壤的調(diào)查、采樣和分析,展現(xiàn)了各林分類型土壤理化性質(zhì)及酶活性狀況及其隨土壤發(fā)生發(fā)育的變化規(guī)律。采用土壤質(zhì)量指數(shù)評(píng)分法結(jié)合主成分分析法對(duì)山東省主要山地不同林分類型土壤質(zhì)量進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)不同山地各林分土壤密度總體上呈隨土層深度增加而增大的趨勢,土壤總孔隙度變化規(guī)律反之;土壤毛管孔隙度隨土層深度增加而增大,泰山、嶗山不同林分土壤非毛管孔隙度隨土層深度增加而減小;泰山不同林分土壤最大持水量隨土層深度增加而減小,其他山地各林分則反之。(2)除泰山側(cè)柏林土壤呈堿性外,其他山地各林分土壤均屬酸性土壤;不同林分土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、堿解氮和速效鉀含量均隨土層深度增加而減小,呈現(xiàn)土壤養(yǎng)分的表聚性特征;泰山油松-遼東榿木混交林、側(cè)柏林土壤全鉀含量隨土層深度加深而顯著增大,不同林分土壤全磷含量隨土層變化無明顯規(guī)律;刺槐林、側(cè)柏-國槐混交林土壤有效磷含量隨土層深度增加而顯著減小。蒙山栓皮櫟林、黑松-栓皮櫟混交林、油松林全鉀含量均表現(xiàn)出隨土層深度加深而增加的趨勢;栓皮櫟林0-20 cm土層全鉀含量最高,油松林0-20cm層速效鉀含量最高;赤松林0-20 cm層土壤全磷、有效磷含量均最高。嶗山落葉松林不同土層之間全鉀含量差異顯著;刺槐林不同土層間有效磷含量差異顯著,且均高于落葉松林和油松林。昆崳山不同林分土壤全鉀含量隨土層深度增加沒有顯著變化,赤松林、杉木林全磷含量隨土層增加差異顯著;除杉木林外,其余3種林分有效磷含量均隨土層深度增加而增大。(3)泰山除刺槐林、側(cè)柏-國槐混交林、側(cè)柏林外,其余4種林分土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、過氧化氫酶活性均呈隨土層深度的增加而減小的趨勢。蒙山5種林分土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性整體上表現(xiàn)出隨土層深度加深而減小的趨勢,除黑松-栓皮櫟混交林外,其他4種林分土壤磷酸酶活性均有隨土層深度加深而減小。嶗山不同林分土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、過氧化氫酶活性均表現(xiàn)出隨土層深度增加而降低的趨勢。昆崳山除土壤蔗糖酶外,其余3種土壤酶活性在不同林分中均隨土壤深度的增加而減小。(5)土壤質(zhì)量綜合指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明:山東省主要山地不同林分土壤質(zhì)量狀況差異明顯,同一林分不同研究區(qū)域土壤質(zhì)量狀況也存在一定差異,其中泰山各林分土壤質(zhì)量綜合指數(shù)排序?yàn)?油松-遼東榿木混交林側(cè)柏林側(cè)柏-國槐混交林刺槐林油松林油松-側(cè)柏混交林赤松-側(cè)柏混交林;蒙山不同林分排序?yàn)?黑松-栓皮櫟混交林赤松林落葉松林栓皮櫟林油松林;嶗山不同林分排序?yàn)榇袒绷致淙~松林油松林;昆崳山不同林分排序?yàn)?落葉松林蒙古櫟-落葉松混交林杉木林赤松林。
[Abstract]:As the role of forest soil in the forest ecosystem is becoming more and more prominent, the research on the quality of forest soil is becoming more and more important. The geographical location of Shandong province is special, the forest resources are rich, and the forestry industry is developed. In this paper, the investigation and sampling of soil under different forest types in the main mountains of Shandong province (Taishan, Mengshan, Laoshan and Kunyu Mountain) The soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities and the changes of soil development in different types of soil were presented and analyzed. Soil quality index method combined with principal component analysis was used to evaluate the soil quality of different forest types in main mountainous areas of Shandong province. The main results were as follows: (1) the soil of different mountain areas On the whole, the density of the soil increased with the increase of soil depth, and the variation of soil total porosity was the opposite. The porosity of soil capillary increased with the depth of soil layer. The non capillary porosity of different forest soils in Taishan, Laoshan decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the maximum water holding capacity of different forest soils in Taishan decreased with the increase of soil depth. On the contrary, the other forests in other mountain areas (2) in addition to the alkaline soil in the Taishan side of Berlin, the soil in the other mountain areas all belong to the acid soil, and the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium in different forest soils decreased with the increase of soil depth, showing the characteristic of soil nutrients, and the mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis Taishan, alder Liaodong and Platycladus orientalis. The total K content of the soil increased significantly with the depth of soil depth, and there was no obvious regularity in the total phosphorus content in different forest soil. The soil available P content decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth in the Robinia Robinia forest and the mixed forest of the Chinese Sophora japonica and the black pine - Quercus variabilis. The total potassium content in 0-20 cm soil layer of Quercus variabilis forest is the highest, and the content of available K in 0-20cm layer of Pinus tabulaeformis forest is the highest. The total phosphorus content in the 0-20 cm layer of the pine forest is the highest. The total potassium content in the different soil layers of the Laoshan larch pine forest is significant, and the effective phosphorus content in the different soil layers of the Robinia pseudoacacia forest is significantly different, and all are higher than the larch pine. There was no significant change in total K content of soil in different forests of Kunyu Mountain. The total phosphorus content of the pine forest and Chinese fir forest was significantly different with the soil layer. Except for the Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, the available phosphorus content of the other 3 kinds of forest increased with the depth of the soil layer. (3) Taishan except Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Platycladus orientalis mixed forest, and the rest of Platycladus orientalis forest. The activities of soil urease, invertase, phosphatase and catalase in the 4 forest species decreased with the increase of soil depth. The activity of urease and invertase in 5 kinds of forest soil in Mengshan mountains showed a tendency to decrease with the depth of soil depth. In addition to the mixed forest of Pinus Pinus and Quercus variabilis, the activities of soil phosphatase in the other 4 kinds of forest soil were all along with the soil layer. The activities of soil urease, invertase, phosphatase and catalase in different forest soil of Laoshan were all decreased with the increase of soil depth. In Kunyu Mountain, the activity of the other 3 soil enzymes decreased with the increase of soil depth except the soil sucrase. (5) the result of the evaluation of soil quality index. Ming: the difference of soil quality of different forest stands in Shandong province is obvious, and there are some differences in the soil quality status of different research areas in the same stand, among which, the comprehensive index of the soil quality of the Taishan stand is: the Pinus tabulaeformis in the mixed forest of the alder of Alnus tabulaeformis and the mixed forest of Robinia Sophora in the mixed forest of the Pinus tabulaeformis Liaodong. The mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis was classified as: Pinus koraiensis forest and Pinus Quercus variabilis forest in black pine - Quercus variabilis mixed forest; the different forest in Laoshan was ranked as the pine forest of Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and the different stands of Kunyu Mountain were: Larch pine forest, Mongolia oak and Larix Larix forest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S714

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