本文選題：產(chǎn)量潛力 + 產(chǎn)量差　； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：生產(chǎn)潛力的研究對衡量區(qū)域糧食生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀,揭示未來糧食增產(chǎn)潛力具有重要意義,為提升農(nóng)戶實際產(chǎn)量提供理論依據(jù)。肥料利用率是推薦施肥的重要參數(shù),同時也是農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要指標,由于土壤真實供養(yǎng)分量測定困難,區(qū)域間肥料利用率變異機制的模糊,限制了對養(yǎng)分精確管理的進一步探索。本文以遼寧省2006-2010年間各區(qū)域水稻生產(chǎn)實際和"3414"試驗數(shù)據(jù)為基礎,結(jié)合模型模擬的方法分析了遼寧省水稻產(chǎn)量潛力及產(chǎn)量差,同時以肥料效應函數(shù)作圖法準確估計土壤供磷量(Ps)為突破口,對磷肥利用率(REP)變異機制進行了研究。為進一步提高水稻產(chǎn)量和養(yǎng)分利用效率提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究成果如下:1.遼寧省水稻具有較大的產(chǎn)量差,增產(chǎn)潛力很大,且各區(qū)域之間存在差異。遼寧省水稻模擬產(chǎn)量潛力在1591 6kg·ha~(-1)左右。高產(chǎn)記錄產(chǎn)量、試驗產(chǎn)量分別為11152 kg·ha~(-1)、8659kg·ha~(-1)、農(nóng)戶平均產(chǎn)量為7469kg·ha~(-1)。通過消除普通農(nóng)戶與高產(chǎn)紀錄之間的產(chǎn)量差(YGR)可以增產(chǎn)49.3%,消除普通農(nóng)戶與試驗產(chǎn)量之間的差距(YGE)可以得到15.9%的增產(chǎn)。遼南地區(qū)短期增產(chǎn)潛力最小,遼寧的東北地區(qū)短期增產(chǎn)潛力最大。從長期增產(chǎn)潛力來看,以遼西地區(qū)最高,但受到種植面積的限制,對全省水稻的增產(chǎn)貢獻很小。2.遼寧省水稻土壤供磷量(Ps)平均為248.73kg.ha~(-1),缺磷區(qū)水稻植株吸磷量(UP0)平均為90.75kg·ha~(-1),Ps與UP0之間的差距范圍在6.74 kg·ha~(-1)-437.76kg·ha~(-1),變化幅度很大。UP0不能完全代表土壤供磷量,而Ps更能反映土壤供磷狀況。3.新變量作物需磷勢(UPo/Ps)和磷肥有效性(Pmax/Ps)的構(gòu)建,綜合了土壤(Ps)、作物(UP0)以及肥料(Pmax)三個主要的影響因子,分別從作物需求和養(yǎng)分供給兩個方面,對REP的變異給出合理解釋。以這兩個指標與REP建立二元線性模型,分析結(jié)果表明遼寧省水稻磷肥利用率的變異主要受到Pmax/Ps的影響。提高磷肥在土壤中的有效性是改善遼寧省水稻磷肥利用率的首要問題,同時,只有協(xié)調(diào)好供需關系才能更好地實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)分的高效利用。4.遼寧省水稻當季磷肥利用率(REP)為11.03%,磷素環(huán)境殘留量的變化范圍在之間66.18kg·ha~(-1)～616.11kg·ha~(-1),不同地塊養(yǎng)分環(huán)境殘留情況差異較大,土壤磷殘留量平均為157.98 kg·ha~(-1),肥料殘留平均為114.98 kg·ha~(-1),分別占總殘留量的57.88%和42.12%。5.根據(jù)遼寧省水稻產(chǎn)量和磷肥利用率水平可以將現(xiàn)有田塊分為四種產(chǎn)效類型,對各產(chǎn)效類型的養(yǎng)分供給以及作物吸收情況進行分析,在土壤供磷條件相同的背景下,應提高水稻對養(yǎng)分的需求達到產(chǎn)量提高的目的。對于低效類型的田塊需要從拉大需求以及提高肥料有效性兩方面相互協(xié)調(diào)改善。對遼寧省各類型田塊磷肥利用率主要影響因素的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)均主要受到Pmax/Ps的影響,與全省總體情況一致。
[Abstract]:The study of production potential is of great significance for measuring the current situation of grain production in the region and revealing the potential of increasing grain yield in the future. It provides a theoretical basis for improving the actual yield of farmers. The utilization rate of fertilizer is an important parameter for the recommendation of fertilizer application, and is also an important indicator of the sustainable development of agriculture. The fuzziness of the variation mechanism of fertilizer utilization rate limits the further exploration of the precise management of nutrients. Based on the data of rice production and "3414" in various regions of Liaoning province in the past 2006-2010 years, the yield potential and yield difference of rice in Liaoning province are analyzed in combination with the model simulation method, and it is accurately estimated by the fertilizer effect function mapping method. The variation mechanism of phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate (REP) was studied with soil phosphorus supply (Ps) as the breakthrough point. The theoretical basis for further improving rice yield and nutrient utilization efficiency was provided. The main research results are as follows: 1. the rice yield in Liaoning province has great yield difference, and the potential of increasing yield is great, and there are differences between regions. The rice simulated production in Liaoning province. The volume potential was around 1591 6kg. Ha~ (-1). The yield of high yield was recorded by 11152 kg. Ha~ (-1), 8659kg. Ha~ (-1), and the average output of farmers was 7469kg. Ha~ (-1). The yield difference between ordinary farmers and high yield records could be increased by 49.3%, and the gap between ordinary farmers and experimental output could be eliminated by 15.9%. The short-term increase potential of South Liaoning Province is the smallest, and the potential of short-term increase in production in the northeast of Liaoning is the largest. From the long-term growth potential, the highest yield in the west of Liaoning Province, but limited by the planting area, the contribution to the increase of rice yield in the province is small.2. (Ps) is 248.73kg.ha~ (-1), and the rice plant in the phosphorus deficiency area is sucked. The average phosphorus content (UP0) is 90.75kg. Ha~ (-1), and the gap between Ps and UP0 is 6.74 kg. Ha~ (-1) -437.76kg. Ha~ (-1). And fertilizer (Pmax) three main influencing factors, respectively from two aspects of crop demand and nutrient supply, give a reasonable explanation of the variation of REP, and establish a linear model of two yuan with these two indexes and REP. The analysis results show that the variation of the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in Liaoning is mainly influenced by Pmax/Ps. Sex is the first problem to improve the utilization rate of rice phosphate fertilizer in Liaoning province. At the same time, only by coordinating the relationship between supply and demand can the efficiency of nutrient use be better utilized in.4. Liaoning Province, the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer (REP) is 11.03%, the range of Phosphorus Environment residue is 66.18kg. Ha~ (-1) to 616.11kg ha~ (-1), and the nutrient environment of different plots is residual. The residual amount of soil phosphorus was 157.98 kg. Ha~ (-1), and the residue of fertilizer was 114.98 kg. Ha~ (-1), which accounted for 57.88% of the total residue and 42.12%.5., respectively. According to the rice yield and phosphate utilization level in Liaoning Province, the existing fields could be divided into four kinds of yield types, nutrient supply and crop absorption of various yield types. In the context of the same soil supply, it is necessary to improve the demand for nutrients to increase the yield of rice in the same background of soil supply. For the low efficiency type of fields, it is necessary to coordinate and improve the two aspects of the demand for increasing the efficiency of the fertilizer and the efficiency of the fertilizer. The analysis of the main factors affecting the utilization rate of the various types of field phosphate fertilizer in Liaoning province is found. Both are mainly affected by Pmax/Ps, which is consistent with the overall situation of the whole province.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511
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本文編號：1948023