本文選題：烤煙 + 生態(tài)因子　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：烤煙是一種對生長環(huán)境十分敏感的經(jīng)濟作物,生態(tài)條件是烤煙生長發(fā)育及風(fēng)味、品質(zhì)形成的基本。重慶煙區(qū)是我國最適宜生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的產(chǎn)區(qū)之一,但重慶地理環(huán)境復(fù)雜,各生態(tài)因子均存在較大差異,烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀水平參差不齊,使得明確各生態(tài)因子對烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀的影響顯得尤為重要。然而由于植煙村及可植煙旱地空間分布缺失,使其生態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)與植煙點位置難以對應(yīng),增加研究難度;相關(guān)系統(tǒng)性研究中缺乏按照烤煙在不同生育期對光照、氣溫和降水需求的不同,將氣候因子分類的工作;且現(xiàn)代煙草農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)對信息化技術(shù)和區(qū)域化管理需求也日益迫切。針對上述問題,本文通過調(diào)查研究、地統(tǒng)計學(xué)、相關(guān)分析、模糊c-均值聚類、單因素ANOVA檢驗和CART決策樹等研究方法,系統(tǒng)分析了重慶煙區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境特征,將氣候因子按烤煙生育期進行分類,進一步明確各生態(tài)因子與烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀的關(guān)系。通過CART計算結(jié)果,將重慶煙區(qū)各生態(tài)因子對烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀影響的相對重要性進行排序,進而篩選出烤煙生長的限制因子,為制定與當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)條件配套的栽培管理及生產(chǎn)技術(shù)提供參考,有利于提高重慶烤煙資源的合理配置。主要結(jié)果如下:1.構(gòu)建了重慶煙區(qū)氣候因子、地質(zhì)背景、地形地貌和土壤養(yǎng)分及烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀的空間數(shù)據(jù)庫并分析其特征,進而篩選出與烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀顯著相關(guān)的生態(tài)因子。重慶植煙村大田期的平均月日照時數(shù)為122.5 h,平均月均溫為19.0℃,月均降水量為150.2 mm。各時期日照時數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為渝東北高于渝東南;均溫以渝東南和少數(shù)渝東北地區(qū)較高,渝中相對偏低;降水量表現(xiàn)為南川、武隆和彭水較低,黔江和酉陽較高,巫溪的還苗伸根期降水量較低而成熟期降水量偏高。在海拔區(qū)間為600-1400 m的重慶植煙村旱地中,共包含30種地質(zhì)巖層類型,三疊系大冶組灰?guī)r白云巖面積最大,占總植煙面積的45.22%,其次為二疊系梁山組-吳家坪組灰?guī)r白云巖;平均海拔為1010 m,平均坡度為17°,平均剖面曲率為5.21°,渝東南地區(qū)半陰坡和半陰坡所占比例較大,渝東北地區(qū)陰坡、陽坡大面積集中分布較多。土壤養(yǎng)分變異系數(shù)分析表明各養(yǎng)分空間差異較大。各時期日照和均溫,成熟期和大田期降水,海拔,土壤pH值、總磷、有效S、有效Fe、有效Cu和有效Mn含量與烤煙產(chǎn)量呈極顯著或顯著相關(guān);各時期日照,成熟期均溫,成熟期和大田期降水,海拔、坡向、土壤pH值、交換性Mg、有效S、Cl、有效Zn和有效Mn含量與烤煙上中等煙比例呈極顯著或顯著相關(guān)。2.分別對烤煙產(chǎn)量、上中等煙比例進行分類,探討了各生態(tài)因子對分類結(jié)果影響的相對重要性,從而明確了烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀提高的限制因子。采用模糊c-均值聚類法,分別將烤煙產(chǎn)量、上中等煙比例分為3類。高產(chǎn)組具有日照時數(shù)和大田期降水較多、成熟期均溫較低,海拔高,土壤pH、總磷和有效S含量較高且Mn含量較低的特征。優(yōu)質(zhì)組具有旺長期日照時數(shù)、成熟期降水較高,成熟期均溫較低,海拔較高、陽坡半陽坡較多,土壤pH、交換性Mg含量較高且有效Mn含量較低的特征。高產(chǎn)或優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙的地質(zhì)巖層中灰?guī)r白云巖所占比例均在70%以上。CART計算結(jié)果表明,各因子對烤煙產(chǎn)量影響的相對重要性排序為旺長期日照成熟期均溫有效MnpH海拔大田期降水有效S總磷地質(zhì)背景有效Zn有效Cu有效Fe,各因子對烤煙上中等煙比例影響的相對重要性排序為旺長期日照成熟期降水地質(zhì)背景有效Mn成熟期均溫海拔pH坡向交換性Mg還苗伸根期降水Cl有效S有效Zn。3.與烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀呈極顯著或顯著相關(guān)的各生態(tài)因子在9類烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀組合間均存在不同程度的顯著差異,明確了其在具有不同產(chǎn)量(或上中等煙比例)特征的煙區(qū)中,對烤煙上中等煙比例(或產(chǎn)量)影響的生態(tài)因子相對重要性。高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)、中產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)和中產(chǎn)中質(zhì)樣本比例較高,低產(chǎn)低質(zhì)樣本僅占總樣本的1.64%�？臻g上,巫山高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙樣本比例最高(96.83%)。各植煙區(qū)縣包含的烤煙類別越少,表明區(qū)域烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀水平越集中、穩(wěn)定,相反則表明該區(qū)域烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀水平差異較大,應(yīng)分別采取不同措施對煙田種植進行管理。在具有高產(chǎn)特征的經(jīng)濟性狀組合中,氣候條件和土壤養(yǎng)分對烤煙上中等煙比例的影響大于地形地貌和地質(zhì)背景。在具有中產(chǎn)特征的經(jīng)濟性狀組合中,氣候條件對烤煙上中等煙比例的影響仍最大,但地形地貌因子和地質(zhì)背景的影響要高于土壤養(yǎng)分。在具有低產(chǎn)特征的經(jīng)濟性狀組合中,氣候因子、土壤養(yǎng)分和地形地貌因子對烤煙上中等煙比例的影響相當(dāng)。在具有優(yōu)質(zhì)和中質(zhì)特征的經(jīng)濟性狀組合中,地形地貌和氣候因子是產(chǎn)量分類的主要原因。在具有低質(zhì)特征的經(jīng)濟性狀組合中,土壤養(yǎng)分成為影響烤煙產(chǎn)量分類的主要因素,地質(zhì)背景對烤煙產(chǎn)量分類貢獻最小。綜上所述,本文通過分析重慶煙區(qū)生態(tài)因子與烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀之間的關(guān)系,表明烤煙生長期的日照時數(shù)、降水量、海拔和土壤有效Mn含量對烤煙生長的影響較大。分析了各生態(tài)因子在不同產(chǎn)量、上中等煙比例分類及兩者組合中的特征,明確了氣候因子、地質(zhì)背景、地形地貌和土壤養(yǎng)分對烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀的影響,進一步篩選了導(dǎo)致烤煙經(jīng)濟性狀差異的限制因素并對其貢獻率排序,為重慶煙區(qū)優(yōu)質(zhì)特色煙葉的生產(chǎn)布局優(yōu)化提供了重要參考。
[Abstract]:Flue-cured tobacco is a kind of economic crop which is very sensitive to the growth environment. The ecological condition is the basic of the growth and flavor of flue-cured tobacco and the formation of quality. The Chongqing tobacco area is one of the most suitable producing areas in China, but the geographical environment of Chongqing is complex, the ecological factors are different, the level of the economic characters of the flue-cured tobacco is uneven, making Ming dynasty clear It is very important that the ecological factors affect the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. However, because of the lack of spatial distribution of the tobacco planting village and the dryland, the ecological data and the location of the tobacco planting point are difficult to correspond to, and the difficulty of the study is increased. The work of classification of climate factors; and the demand of modern tobacco agriculture construction on information technology and regional management is becoming increasingly urgent. Aiming at the above problems, this paper systematically analyses the ecological environment of Chongqing tobacco area through investigation, geostatistics, correlation analysis, fuzzy c- mean clustering, single factor ANOVA test and CART decision tree. The relationship between the ecological factors and the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco was further clarified. The relative importance of the ecological factors on the economic characters of the flue-cured tobacco in Chongqing tobacco area was sorted by the results of CART, and the limiting factors of the growth of the flue-cured tobacco were screened out to match the local ecological conditions. The cultivation management and production technology provide reference to improve the rational allocation of Chongqing flue-cured tobacco resources. The main results are as follows: 1. the spatial database of climate factors, geological background, topography and geomorphology and soil nutrients and the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco in Chongqing tobacco area were constructed, and the characteristics were analyzed, and the significant correlation with the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco was screened. Ecological factors. The average monthly sunshine time of Chongqing planting tobacco village was 122.5 h, the average monthly average temperature was 19 C, and the average monthly rainfall of 150.2 mm. was higher than that in the southeast of Chongqing; the average temperature was higher in Southeast Chongqing and in the northeast of Chongqing, and in Yuzhong was relatively low; the precipitation was South Sichuan, Wulong and Pengshui were lower. Qianjiang and Youyang are higher, the precipitation in Wuxi is low and the precipitation in mature period is high in Wuxi. In the dry land of 600-1400 m in Chongqing planting village, 30 types of geological strata are included. The area of the Triassic Daye group limestone dolomite is the largest, accounting for 45.22% of the total tobacco planting area, followed by the Permian Liangshan formation and Wu Jia Ping group limestone. The average altitude of the dolomite is 1010 m, the average slope is 17 degrees, the average section curvature is 5.21 degrees, the proportion of the semi shady slope and the half shady slope in the southeast of Chongqing is large. The large area of the sunny slope in the northeast of Chongqing is more concentrated. The analysis of the variation coefficient of soil nutrients shows that the spatial differences of the nutrients are large. Precipitation, elevation, soil pH, total phosphorus, total phosphorus, effective S, effective Fe, effective Cu and effective Mn content were significantly related to the yield of flue-cured tobacco, and all periods of sunshine, mature period, maturity and field precipitation, elevation, slope direction, pH value of soil, exchangeable Mg, effective S, Cl, effective Zn and effective Mn content were very significant with the proportion of medium smoke on flue-cured tobacco. The significant correlation.2. classifies the yield of flue-cured tobacco and the proportion of upper medium smoke respectively. The relative importance of the ecological factors to the classification results is discussed, and the limiting factors for improving the economic characters of the flue-cured tobacco are clarified. The fuzzy c- mean clustering method is used to divide the yield of Flue-cured Tobacco and the proportion of the upper middle and middle tobacco into 3 categories. There are more precipitation in Datian period, high altitude, high altitude, high altitude, high soil pH, high total phosphorus and effective S content and low Mn content. The high quality group has high sunshine duration, high precipitation at mature stage, lower average temperature in mature period, high altitude, high half Yang slope, soil pH, high exchangeable Mg content and low effective Mn content. The proportion of limestone and dolomite in the geological rock of high yield or high quality flue-cured tobacco is above 70%.CART calculation results show that the relative importance of the factors affecting the yield of flue-cured tobacco is the effective MnpH altitudinal precipitation effective S total phosphorus geological background with effective Zn effective Cu effective Fe, each factor on the flue-cured tobacco in the upper part of the flue-cured tobacco. The relative importance of the influence of the proportion of the equal smoke is in the period of the mature period of the sunshine maturity, the effective Mn mature period of the precipitation geological background, the pH slope, the exchange Mg, the precipitation Cl, the effective S, the effective Zn.3. and the economic characters of the flue-cured tobacco, which are significantly or significantly related to the economic characters of the 9 kinds of flue-cured tobacco. The relative importance of the ecological factors on the medium smoke ratio (or yield) on flue-cured tobacco, high yield and quality, high quality of middle middle and middle middle quality samples, and low quality and low quality samples in the 1.64%. space of the total sample, Wushan high yield and quality roasting. The proportion of tobacco samples was the highest (96.83%). The less the types of flue-cured tobacco contained in each tobacco planting area, the more concentrated and stable economic characters of the regional flue-cured tobacco, on the contrary, it showed that there was a great difference in the level of economic traits in the area. Different measures should be taken to manage the planting of tobacco fields. The effects of parts and soil nutrients on the proportion of medium smoke on flue-cured tobacco are greater than topography and geological background. In the economic character combination with middle middle characteristics, the influence of climate conditions on the proportion of medium tobacco on flue-cured tobacco is still the greatest, but the effects of topographic geomorphic factors and geological background are higher than soil soil nutrients. Climate factors, soil nutrients and topographic and geomorphic factors have the equivalent effect on the proportion of medium tobacco on flue-cured tobacco. In the combination of quality and medium characteristics of economic traits, topographic landforms and climatic factors are the main reasons for the classification of yield. In the combination of low quality characteristics of economic traits, soil nutrients will affect the yield classification of flue-cured tobacco. In this paper, the relationship between the ecological factors of Chongqing tobacco area and the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco was analyzed, and the effects of sunshine hours, precipitation, altitude and effective Mn content on the growth of flue-cured tobacco in the growth period of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. The effects of climate factors, geological background, topography and soil nutrients on the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were clarified, and the limiting factors leading to the difference of the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were further screened and the contribution rate was sorted, which provided the optimization of the production layout of high quality tobacco in Chongqing tobacco area. An important reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S572

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 朱彩云;白潔潤;顧國洪;;母質(zhì)演化與質(zhì)地對土壤養(yǎng)分的影響[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè);2014年06期

2 邵小東;蔣樣明;宋文峰;黃坤;;現(xiàn)代煙草農(nóng)業(yè)地理信息系統(tǒng)需求形式化描述研究[J];中國煙草科學(xué);2013年04期

3 赫偉紅;;土壤酸堿性對土壤肥力和作物生長的影響[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)村科技;2012年24期

4 高琳;龍懷玉;劉鳴達;;不同香型煙區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)地質(zhì)背景特征比較研究[J];中國煙草科學(xué);2012年05期

5 范紅艷;戚鵬程;黃天勇;;關(guān)于GIS中三種地面曲率的探討[J];南陽師范學(xué)院學(xué)報;2011年06期

6 陳杰;李建偉;任竹;唐遠駒;;成土母巖與烤煙品質(zhì)的關(guān)系[J];貴州農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2010年12期

7 黃瑾;林北森;周文亮;高華軍;韋學(xué)平;農(nóng)世英;;廣西百色植煙土壤主要養(yǎng)分特征及施肥策略[J];中國煙草科學(xué);2010年04期

8 劉麗;文俊;林銳鋒;劉永來;葉為民;石錦輝;;濃香型煙葉特征及影響因素研究進展[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2010年18期

9 林江;張映翠;段宏偉;夏勇;;增施鎂和硼對山地紫色土上烤煙產(chǎn)量及質(zhì)量的影響[J];云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2010年02期

10 許自成;郭燕;邵惠芳;畢慶文;汪健;王海明;黎根;;恩施煙區(qū)土壤氮素和烤煙煙堿含量的分布特點及關(guān)系分析[J];中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報;2009年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 楊超;重慶煙區(qū)主要生態(tài)因子特征及其對烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響[D];西南大學(xué);2015年

2 杜靈通;基于多源空間信息的干旱監(jiān)測模型構(gòu)建及其應(yīng)用研究[D];南京大學(xué);2013年

3 邵巖;基于GIS的云南烤煙種植生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

4 秦松;貴州煙區(qū)營養(yǎng)環(huán)境與煙葉質(zhì)量的關(guān)系[D];西南大學(xué);2007年

5 張振平;中國優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙生態(tài)地質(zhì)背景區(qū)劃研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2004年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 張敏;生態(tài)條件對四川烤煙主產(chǎn)區(qū)部分香氣物質(zhì)含量及相關(guān)基因表達的影響[D];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 鄧江;礫石和坡度對植煙土壤物理性質(zhì)及烤煙生長的影響[D];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

3 杜國偉;重慶植煙區(qū)生態(tài)條件與烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量關(guān)系的研究[D];西南大學(xué);2014年

4 褚清南;重慶市煙葉產(chǎn)區(qū)氣候及土壤因子與煙葉質(zhì)量關(guān)系研究[D];西南大學(xué);2012年

5 古戰(zhàn)朝;烤煙主產(chǎn)區(qū)生態(tài)因子與煙葉品質(zhì)的關(guān)系[D];河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

6 盧志偉;主要生態(tài)因子對煙葉化學(xué)成分以及感官質(zhì)量的影響研究[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

7 劉友杰;基于GIS的延邊烤煙種植生態(tài)適宜性區(qū)劃研究[D];河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

8 黎妍妍;湖南煙區(qū)烤煙質(zhì)量和生態(tài)因素綜合評價[D];河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

9 王威娜;改進的模糊C-均值聚類算法[D];大連海事大學(xué);2007年

10 胡江洪;基于決策樹的分類算法研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2006年

，

本文編號：1941829