本文選題：豌豆 + 生理特性　； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類(lèi)對(duì)糧用及菜用豌豆的需求日益增大,我國(guó)豌豆種植面積逐漸增大,北方是豌豆主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一。近年來(lái),我國(guó)北方地區(qū)旱情頻繁發(fā)生,水資源短缺日益加重。選育豌豆抗旱品種是應(yīng)對(duì)惡劣的干旱環(huán)境,提高豌豆質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量,高效利用水資源重要措施之一。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以麻豌豆等7種豌豆為試驗(yàn)材料,采用盆栽土培人工控水法,研究了干旱脅迫對(duì)豌豆生長(zhǎng)的影響,篩選抗旱豌豆品種并探討其抗旱生理生化機(jī)制,在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究了豌豆肌動(dòng)蛋白異型體PEAc3在干旱脅迫下的差異性表達(dá),探討其作為抗旱分子標(biāo)記用于豌豆分子育種的可行性。主要結(jié)果如下:1.研究了水分脅迫對(duì)豌豆生長(zhǎng)的影響。結(jié)果表明:苗期和花期水分脅迫均會(huì)使豌豆株高降低,葉片數(shù)減少,主根伸長(zhǎng)及側(cè)根數(shù)增多。苗期干旱脅迫后復(fù)水,隨著復(fù)水天數(shù)增加,主根長(zhǎng)度和側(cè)根數(shù)逐漸接近對(duì)照植株,而株高和葉片數(shù)與對(duì)照植株的差異則逐漸變大�；ㄆ诟珊得{迫后復(fù)水,隨著復(fù)水天數(shù)增加,上述指標(biāo)與對(duì)照植株的差異變小。其中,品種7受到干旱脅迫的影響最大,苗期干旱脅迫處理后,其主根比對(duì)照長(zhǎng)15.44%,側(cè)根數(shù)多10.71%,干旱脅迫后復(fù)水30天,其株高比對(duì)照低32.11%,葉片數(shù)低34.29%,因此,品種7是干旱敏感品種,而品種1是相對(duì)抗旱的豌豆品種。2.研究了水分脅迫對(duì)豌豆葉片MDA、SOD和P0D的影響。結(jié)果表明:苗期和花期干旱脅迫均導(dǎo)致丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidase Dismutase,S0D)活性下降,過(guò)氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性增高。干旱敏感品種受到干旱脅迫的傷害較大,而抗旱品種受到的傷害相對(duì)較小。如花期水分脅迫處理,品種1葉片MDA含量比對(duì)照組提高19.69%,品種7葉片中MDA含量增加23.24%。品種1中SOD活性比對(duì)照組降低11.76%,品種7中S0D活性比對(duì)照降低19.26%。品種1的P0D活性增加47.13%,品種7中POD活性則增加23.24%。3.研究了水分脅迫對(duì)豌豆葉片葉綠素,可溶性蛋白,脯氨酸,可溶性糖含量的影響。結(jié)果表明:干旱脅迫對(duì)不同品種葉綠素含量的影響不同,苗期干旱后復(fù)水,與正常供水相比,品種1葉綠素總量增加41.08%,而品種7葉綠素總量只增加0.11%。苗期干旱處理后可溶性蛋白減少,復(fù)水10天后可溶性蛋白增加,品種1可溶性蛋白增加18.39%,品種7中蛋白增加25.00%�；ㄆ诟珊堤幚砗罂扇苄缘鞍自黾�,復(fù)水10天后增加量減少,品種1中蛋白增加7.8%,品種7中蛋白增加22.66%。苗期和花期干旱脅迫均導(dǎo)致豌豆葉片中脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加。如花期干旱處理后,品種1中脯氨酸提高21.54%,品種7中脯氨酸增加24.90%。品種1中可溶性糖提高38.78%,品種7中可溶性糖提高0.72%。4.使用半定量RT-PCR分析了不同豌豆品種苗期干旱脅迫下肌動(dòng)蛋白異型體3(Pea actinisoform3,PEAc3)的表達(dá)差異性。結(jié)果表明:干旱脅迫條件下,不同品種中PEAc3表達(dá)量變化不同。品種1中PEAc3表達(dá)量明顯增加,而品種7中PEAc3表達(dá)量則明顯下降。因此,PEAc3有可能作為分子標(biāo)記來(lái)分析干旱對(duì)豌豆的傷害程度,也可能用于抗旱豌豆品種的分子篩選。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for food and vegetable peas, the area of pea growing in China is increasing gradually, and the north is one of the main producing areas of pea. In recent years, drought frequently occurs in northern China and the shortage of water resources is becoming more and more serious. One of the important resource measures. In this experiment, 7 varieties of pea, such as pea pea, were used as experimental materials, and the effect of drought stress on the growth of pea was studied by pot culture artificial water control method, and the physiological and biochemical mechanism of drought resistant pea resistance was screened and its drought resistance mechanism was discussed. On this basis, the difference of PEAc3 of pea actin isoform under drought stress was studied. The main results were as follows: 1. the effects of water stress on the growth of pea were studied. The results showed that the height of the pea was reduced, the number of leaves decreased, the length of the main root and the number of lateral roots increased. The length of the main root and the number of lateral roots gradually approached the control plant, but the difference of plant height and leaf number with the control plant gradually increased. After the drought stress, the difference between the index and the control plant was smaller. Among them, 7 was affected most by drought stress, and the drought stress was treated at the seedling stage. The main root was 15.44% longer than that of the control, and the lateral root was more than 10.71%. After drought stress, the rehydration was 30 days, the plant height was 32.11% lower than the control, and the leaf number was 34.29%. Therefore, the variety 7 was a drought sensitive variety, and the variety 1 was the relative drought resistant pea variety.2.. The effects of water stress on MDA, SOD and P0D were affected by water stress. The results showed that the seedling stage and the flowering period were drought. The content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, the activity of superoxide dismutase (Superoxidase Dismutase, S0D) decreased and the activity of peroxidase (Peroxidase, POD) increased. The drought sensitive varieties were harmed by drought stress, and the drought resistant varieties were less injured. The content of slice MDA was increased by 19.69% than that of the control group. The content of MDA in the variety 7 leaves increased by 11.76%. The P0D activity of S0D activity in the cultivar 7 was 47.13% to the 19.26%. variety 1, and the POD activity in the variety 7 increased the chlorophyll, soluble protein and proline of the pea leaves. The effect of acid and soluble sugar content showed that the effect of drought stress on chlorophyll content of different varieties was different. After drought, the total amount of chlorophyll increased by 41.08%, compared with normal water supply, and the total chlorophyll content of 7 chlorophyll increased only after 0.11%. seedling drought treatment, and the soluble protein increased after 10 days of rehydration. In addition, the 1 soluble protein increased by 18.39%, the protein increased in the variety 7, the soluble protein increased after 25.00%. flowering, 10 days after the rehydration, the increase of protein in the cultivar 1, and the increase of 7.8% in the cultivar 1, and the increase of the content of proline and soluble sugar in the leaves of pea leaves at 22.66%. seedling and flowering stage. After drought treatment, proline in cultivar 1 increased by 21.54%, and proline in variety 7 increased by 38.78% in 24.90%. cultivar 1, and soluble sugar increased by 0.72%.4. using semi quantitative RT-PCR. The difference in expression of actin isoform 3 (Pea actinisoform3, PEAc3) under drought stress of different pea varieties was analyzed. Under drought stress, the change of PEAc3 expression in different varieties was different. The expression of PEAc3 in variety 1 increased obviously, while the expression of PEAc3 in variety 7 decreased obviously. Therefore, PEAc3 may be used as a molecular marker to analyze the damage degree of drought to pea, and may also be used for molecular screening of drought resistant pea varieties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S643.3

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