本文選題：秸稈 + 沼氣工程��； 參考：《南陽師范學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球范圍內(nèi),能源危機越來越嚴(yán)重,生物質(zhì)是唯—可再生的碳源,并能轉(zhuǎn)化為固態(tài)、液態(tài)、氣態(tài)燃料。生物質(zhì)能源是最具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ目稍偕茉?可以實現(xiàn)碳的零排放。其儲量大、分布廣,不僅對緩解能源危機具有重要意義,而且對控制溫室效應(yīng)、減少環(huán)境污染具有十分重要的作用。我國是農(nóng)業(yè)大國,生物質(zhì)能源作為我國農(nóng)村生活用能的重要組成部分,其開發(fā)利用對保障國家能源安全和社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)具有重要意義。近年來,我國沼氣利用的規(guī)模不斷擴大,秸稈利用方式由傳統(tǒng)的燃燒向集中制氣轉(zhuǎn)化。當(dāng)前我國的農(nóng)村沼氣建設(shè)盡管取得了一定成效,但是在技術(shù)方面仍然存在一些問題和制約農(nóng)村沼氣發(fā)展的因素,主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：沼氣池進(jìn)料難；秸稈池結(jié)殼；沼氣產(chǎn)氣率低。通過對農(nóng)村秸稈沼氣工程的工藝發(fā)展和現(xiàn)狀了解,設(shè)計出符合秸稈物料特性的大型固態(tài)厭氧反應(yīng)器。對發(fā)酵工藝進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,設(shè)計出沼液回流裝置防止結(jié)殼,太陽能增溫裝置保證產(chǎn)氣。充分掌握秸稈沼氣工程及配套設(shè)施的建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)、安全等設(shè)計基本要求后,對秸稈沼氣工程進(jìn)行推廣示范,建成南陽市臥龍區(qū)南劉營村集中供氣沼氣工程并投入使用。本研究設(shè)計的秸稈大型集中供氣沼氣工程工藝如下：收集的玉米小麥秸稈作為發(fā)酵原料,并對秸稈進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,將預(yù)處理后的秸稈投入發(fā)酵池,禽畜糞便經(jīng)調(diào)漿池稀釋后注入發(fā)酵池,將發(fā)酵得到沼氣凈化后供給用戶；沼渣堆積制有機肥；沼液排入貯液池,可作為肥料供給農(nóng)戶。該工藝中自主研制的裝置如下：敞開式厭氧反應(yīng)器,沼液回流裝置,太陽能增溫裝置。對示范工程臥龍區(qū)英莊鎮(zhèn)南劉營鄉(xiāng)沼氣工程與臥龍區(qū)陸營鎮(zhèn)和新野縣王莊鄉(xiāng)2個糞便沼氣工程進(jìn)行為其1個月的跟蹤調(diào)查,三個沼氣工程的發(fā)酵溫度均穩(wěn)定在28.9～34.7℃；池中的總固體含量在4.18～4.69%；pH值穩(wěn)定在7.0～7.3；池內(nèi)TN、TP、COD和VFA變化不一。經(jīng)推廣的沼氣工程年產(chǎn)氣量146000 m3,供給507戶使用,可消耗秸稈260 t和糞便污染物1000 t,年收益15萬元,產(chǎn)生了巨大的社會、生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟效益。
[Abstract]:Globally, the energy crisis is becoming more and more serious. Biomass is a renewable carbon source and can be converted into solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Biomass energy is the most potential renewable energy, which can achieve zero carbon emissions. Because of its large reserves and wide distribution, it not only plays an important role in alleviating the energy crisis, but also in controlling Greenhouse Effect and reducing environmental pollution. China is a large agricultural country, biomass energy is an important part of energy consumption in rural areas, and its development and utilization is of great significance to ensure the national energy security and the construction of a new socialist countryside. In recent years, the scale of biogas utilization in China has been expanding, and the utilization of straw has changed from traditional combustion to centralized gas production. Although some achievements have been made in the construction of rural methane in our country, there are still some technical problems and factors restricting the development of biogas in rural areas, which are mainly shown in the following aspects: difficult to feed biogas digesters, crusts from straw ponds, and some factors that restrict the development of biogas in rural areas. The biogas production rate is low. Based on the understanding of the technology development and current situation of the straw biogas engineering in rural areas, a large solid anaerobic reactor was designed to meet the characteristics of the straw materials. The fermentation process was optimized and biogas liquid reflux device was designed to prevent crusts and solar heating device to ensure gas production. After fully mastering the basic design requirements of straw biogas engineering and supporting facilities such as building, structure, safety and so on, the straw biogas project was popularized and demonstrated, and the centralized biogas supply project in Nanliuying Village, Wulong District, Nanyang City was built and put into use. The main technologies of this study are as follows: the corn and wheat straw was collected as the raw material for fermentation, and the straw was pretreated and put into the fermentation pond. The animal dung was diluted and injected into the fermentation pond, which was purified by biogas and supplied to the users; the biogas was accumulated to make organic fertilizer; and the biogas was discharged into the storage tank, which could be used as fertilizer for the farmers. The equipments are as follows: open anaerobic reactor, biogas liquid reflux device and solar heating device. The biogas engineering of South Liu Ying Township in Yingzhuang Town, Wolong District, and the two faecal biogas projects in Luying Town and Wang Zhuang Township in Wolong District and Wangzhuang Township in Xinye County were followed up for one month. The fermentation temperature of the three biogas projects was stable at 28.9 鈩，

本文編號：1934111