本文選題：引進(jìn)桃 + 物候期�。� 參考：《塔里木大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究以阿拉爾地區(qū)引進(jìn)的中農(nóng)金輝、春美、中紅、春蜜、中桃2-24、錦繡、中蟠10號(hào)、中蟠11號(hào)、元春,共9個(gè)桃品種為試驗(yàn)材料,研究引進(jìn)桃品種物候期、花器官、葉片和果實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的特性,桃葉片、枝條、果實(shí)的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育規(guī)律,以及葉片光合特性和果實(shí)品質(zhì)測(cè)定,明確其在本地區(qū)生長(zhǎng)適應(yīng)性。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在阿拉爾墾區(qū),引進(jìn)桃品種在3月21日至27日之間萌芽,3月23日至3月30日之間露瓣,4月初進(jìn)入開(kāi)花期,花期持續(xù)8-10d,果實(shí)成熟期集中在6月-7月。觀賞桃元春的花期持續(xù)18 d,成熟為7月19日。(2)引進(jìn)桃品種花型多為薔薇型,花蕾顏色多為粉色和淺粉色,花瓣相對(duì)位置多為鄰接。花藥顏色為黃色和淺褐色,雌蕊數(shù)為2枚,雌蕊與雄蕊等高。花粉生活力、萌發(fā)率差異明顯�；ü谥睆�26-37 mm,存在極顯著差異。中農(nóng)金輝表現(xiàn)特殊,花型為鈴型,花瓣分離,花瓣橫徑、縱徑和雄蕊數(shù)極顯著小于其他品種,但花粉生活力最高。(3)桃品種葉型分為分為寬披針形和長(zhǎng)橢圓披針形2種,葉長(zhǎng)、葉寬和葉鮮重均無(wú)明顯差異。平均為16.06 cm、9.19 cm、0.89 g,各桃品種葉面積平均為43.54 cm2。(4)蟠桃品種株高生長(zhǎng)量變化較大,中蟠11號(hào)的干高和冠幅較大,而元春冠幅較小,中桃2-24的枝量較多。4月29日至5月5日為新梢迅速生長(zhǎng)期,果實(shí)橫徑生長(zhǎng)呈現(xiàn)“雙S”曲線(xiàn)變化。(5)引進(jìn)桃果實(shí)形狀分為3類(lèi),蟠桃果實(shí)形狀為扁平形,普通桃為橢圓形,錦繡果實(shí)形狀為卵圓形。桃品種果實(shí)單果重平均為88.34 g,可食率為0.96%,硬度8.12 kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量9.26%,可溶性含糖量可達(dá)9.12%,可滴定酸為0.33%。桃品種平均單株花芽數(shù)排列順序?yàn)?觀賞桃普通桃油桃蟠桃,其中桃元春花芽數(shù)為1539個(gè),中蟠10號(hào)花芽數(shù)僅有211個(gè)。引進(jìn)桃品種定植第二年可以結(jié)果,中農(nóng)金輝自然座果率為16.47%,長(zhǎng)中短結(jié)果枝均能結(jié)果。(6)桃品種葉綠素含量平均值為4.24 mg/g,以錦繡最高,元春最低。比葉重排列順序?yàn)?元春春美中農(nóng)金輝中桃2-24中蟠11號(hào)中蟠10號(hào)錦繡春蜜中紅。引進(jìn)不同桃品種的光合特性存在差異,9個(gè)桃品種的凈光合速率均呈雙峰型曲線(xiàn),Pn順序?yàn)?中蟠10號(hào)錦繡春蜜中蟠11號(hào)中桃2-24中紅元春中農(nóng)金輝春美。氣孔導(dǎo)度日變化曲線(xiàn)為“雙峰”型。Ci排列順序?yàn)橹修r(nóng)金輝中桃2-24春美中蟠10號(hào)中蟠11號(hào)中紅錦繡元春春蜜。蒸騰速率均在12:00出現(xiàn)高峰值,大多品種水分利用率出現(xiàn)二次峰值,而中蟠11號(hào)無(wú)明顯峰值,中農(nóng)金輝和春美只出現(xiàn)一次峰值,中蟠10號(hào)卻有3次峰值。水分利用率大小順序?yàn)?春美中農(nóng)金輝中桃2-24中紅元春中蟠11號(hào)錦繡春蜜中蟠10號(hào)。綜上所述,引進(jìn)桃品種能夠適應(yīng)阿拉爾墾區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境,生長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)良好,其中,中農(nóng)金輝和中蟠10號(hào)表現(xiàn)出座果高、品質(zhì)優(yōu),適應(yīng)在墾區(qū)推廣。
[Abstract]:In this study, 9 peach varieties, Jinhui, Chunmei, Zhonghong, Chunmei, Zhongxiu, Zhongpan 10, Zhongpan 11 and Yuanchun, which were imported from Alar area, were used as experimental materials to study the phenological period and floral organs of imported peach varieties. The characteristics of leaf and fruit structure, the growth and development of peach leaves, branches and fruits, as well as the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and fruit quality were determined. The results showed that in Alar Reclamation area, the introduced peach varieties sprout from 21 to 27 March, and from 23 March to 30 March in early April. The flowering period lasted for 8 to 10 days, and the fruit maturation period was concentrated in June-July. The flowering period of ornamental peach Yuanchun lasted for 18 days, and the mature time was July 19. (2) the flower type of the introduced peach varieties was mostly rose type, the flower bud color was mostly pink and light pink, and the relative position of petals was adjacent to each other. The anther color is yellow and light brown, the number of pistil is 2, the pistil and stamen are high. There were significant differences in pollen viability and germination rate. The diameter of Corolla was 26-37 mm, and there was a significant difference. Zhongnong Jinhui showed special characteristics, flower type was boll type, petal separation, petal transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter and stamen number were significantly smaller than those of other varieties, but the pollen viability was the highest in peach cultivars. The leaf types of peach varieties were broadly lanceolate and long elliptical lanceolate, and the leaves were long. There was no significant difference in leaf width and fresh weight. The average plant height of flat peach variety was 16.06 cm ~ (9.19 cm ~ (-1) 0.89 g, and the leaf area of each peach variety was 43.54 cm ~ (2) ~ (4) the plant height of flat peach variety changed greatly, the dry height and crown width of Zhongpan 11 was larger, but the crown width was smaller in early spring. The number of branches in Zhongtao 2-24 is more. April 29 to May 5 is the period of rapid growth of new shoots, and the growth of fruit horizontal diameter shows "double S" curve change. (5) the fruit shape of introduced peach is divided into three categories, flat peach fruit shape is flat shape, common peach fruit shape is elliptical, and the fruit shape of flat peach is elliptical. Brocade fruit shape is oval. The average fruit weight per fruit was 88.34 g, the edible rate was 0.96, the hardness was 8.12 kg / cm ~ 2, the content of soluble solids was 9.26, the soluble sugar content was 9.12 and the titratable acid was 0.33. The order of average flower bud number per plant of peach varieties was as follows: the number of flower buds was 1539 in peaches and 211 in Zhongpan 10. In the second year of planting, the natural fruit setting rate of Jinhui was 16.47, and the average chlorophyll content of the cultivars was 4.24 mg / g, with the highest in brocade and the lowest in spring. The order of Ye Zhong arrangement is: spring, Jinhui, Jinhui, peach 2-24, Zhongpan 11, Zhongpan 10, beautiful spring honey, red. The photosynthetic characteristics of different peach varieties were different, and the net photosynthetic rate of 9 peach varieties was in the order of double peak curve (PN): Zhongpan 10, Jinxiuchun Zhongpan 11, Zhonghong Yuanchun, Zhongtao 2-24, Zhonghong yuan spring, Zhongnong Jinhui, Chunmei. The diurnal variation curve of stomatal conductance is "bimodal" type. Ci is arranged in the order of Zhonghong Jinhui peach 2-24 Chunmei Pan 10 Zhongpan 11 Zhonghong brocade Yuanchun honey. The transpiration rate had a high peak at 12:00, and the water use efficiency of most varieties had a second peak, while Zhongpan 11 had no obvious peak, Zhongnong Jinhui and Chunmei had only one peak, and Zhongpan 10 had three peaks. The order of water use efficiency was as follows: Jinhui peach 2-24, Zhongyuan spring, Zhongpan 11, beautiful spring honey Zhongpan 10. To sum up, the introduction of peach varieties can adapt to the ecological environment of Alar Reclamation area and grow well. Among them, Zhongnong Jinhui and Zhongpan No. 10 show high fruit set and excellent quality, which are suitable for popularization in reclamation area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：塔里木大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S662.1

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