發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-21 08:16

  本文選題：西瓜 + 智能灌溉�。� 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：設(shè)施西瓜作為園藝作物中重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,種植面積不斷擴(kuò)大,農(nóng)戶為了追求產(chǎn)量,盲目地對(duì)西瓜進(jìn)行灌溉,造成水資源的大量浪費(fèi)。為了解決設(shè)施西瓜的灌溉問題,提高灌溉水的利用率,本文對(duì)設(shè)施西瓜智能灌溉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了研究,主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)智能灌溉系統(tǒng)通信方式和灌溉策略的選擇。分析了幾種常見無線通信方式的覆蓋范圍、傳輸速率、功耗、成本等特點(diǎn),最終確定ZigBee為智能灌溉系統(tǒng)的通信方式;通過對(duì)比模糊控制和傳統(tǒng)灌溉策略的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),最終選擇模糊控制為智能灌溉系統(tǒng)的決策方案。(2)環(huán)境參數(shù)的監(jiān)測(cè)。分析了西瓜對(duì)水分需求的特點(diǎn),基質(zhì)濕度和空氣相對(duì)濕度是影響西瓜水分需求的重要環(huán)境因子,選取JZH-004采集基質(zhì)濕度,JZH-021采集空氣相對(duì)濕度,KL-H1100為協(xié)調(diào)器,共同完成西瓜環(huán)境因子的監(jiān)測(cè)。(3)灌溉策略分析與確定。綜合考慮不同生長(zhǎng)階段、基質(zhì)濕度、空氣相對(duì)濕度對(duì)西瓜水分需求的影響,設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)二級(jí)推理機(jī)制的灌溉策略,第一級(jí)推理以西瓜定植時(shí)間為輸入量,通過查表法,確定最佳基質(zhì)濕度,第二級(jí)推理以當(dāng)前基質(zhì)濕度與最佳基質(zhì)濕度差值和本周期采集的基質(zhì)濕度與上周期采集的基質(zhì)濕度差值為輸入變量,以灌溉時(shí)間為輸出變量,根據(jù)專家經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識(shí)建立了模糊控制規(guī)則庫(kù),利用模糊邏輯推理得出灌溉時(shí)間,最后根據(jù)當(dāng)前空氣相對(duì)濕度判斷是否適合灌溉。(4)上位機(jī)監(jiān)控軟件。上位機(jī)軟件利用Visual Studio 2012作為開發(fā)環(huán)境,C#作為編程語(yǔ)言,上位機(jī)通過Modbus TCP協(xié)議與協(xié)調(diào)器傳遞信息,上位機(jī)軟件將協(xié)調(diào)器上傳的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為能夠顯示的數(shù)據(jù)界面;設(shè)計(jì)了智能灌溉和手動(dòng)灌溉兩種灌溉方式,用戶能夠根據(jù)需求自主選擇;編寫了歷史數(shù)據(jù)查詢界面,用戶能夠根據(jù)需求對(duì)歷史數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行查詢、分析、管理;設(shè)計(jì)了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),能夠儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)鞲衅鞑杉沫h(huán)境因子、灌溉情況等信息,為歷史數(shù)據(jù)的查詢提供了數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ);編寫了智能灌溉推理界面,能夠根據(jù)定植時(shí)間、基質(zhì)濕度、空氣相對(duì)濕度推理出灌溉時(shí)間。為了驗(yàn)證智能灌溉系統(tǒng)對(duì)西瓜的影響,在華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)國(guó)家蔬菜改良中心華中蔬菜分中心大棚進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,智能灌溉系統(tǒng)通過控制灌溉時(shí)間,將基質(zhì)濕度保持在適合西瓜生長(zhǎng)的基質(zhì)濕度范圍內(nèi),所測(cè)得基質(zhì)濕度與最佳基質(zhì)濕度的偏差為2%左右,與人工灌溉相比,智能灌溉提高了灌溉水的利用率,改善了果實(shí)品質(zhì),增加了西瓜產(chǎn)量。
[Abstract]:As an important cash crop in horticultural crops, protected watermelon has been widely planted. Farmers blindly irrigate watermelon in pursuit of yield, resulting in a large amount of waste of water resources. In order to solve the irrigation problem of watermelon and improve the utilization rate of irrigation water, the intelligent irrigation system of watermelon was studied in this paper. The main contents are as follows: 1) the choice of communication mode and irrigation strategy of intelligent irrigation system. This paper analyzes the coverage, transmission rate, power consumption, cost and other characteristics of several common wireless communication methods, finally determines that ZigBee is the communication mode of intelligent irrigation system, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of fuzzy control and traditional irrigation strategy. Finally, fuzzy control is chosen as the decision plan of intelligent irrigation system. The characteristics of watermelon water demand were analyzed. Substrate humidity and air relative humidity were the important environmental factors affecting watermelon water demand. KL-H1100 was selected as coordinator of JZH-004 sampling substrate humidity and JZH-021 to collect air relative humidity. Analysis and determination of irrigation strategies for watermelon environmental factors monitoring. Considering the effects of different growth stages, substrate humidity and air relative humidity on water demand of watermelon, an irrigation strategy based on two-stage reasoning mechanism was designed. In order to determine the optimum substrate humidity, the second stage inferences take the difference between the current matrix humidity and the optimal matrix humidity as input variables, and the irrigation time as the output variable. The fuzzy control rule base is established according to the expert's experience and knowledge, and the irrigation time is obtained by using fuzzy logic reasoning. Finally, according to the current air relative humidity, the monitoring software of upper computer is determined whether it is suitable for irrigation. The host computer software uses Visual Studio 2012 as the development environment and C # as the programming language. The host computer transmits information through the Modbus TCP protocol and the coordinator. The upper computer software converts the data uploaded by the coordinator into a data interface that can be displayed. Designed intelligent irrigation and manual irrigation two irrigation methods, users can choose according to their own needs; write a historical data query interface, users can query, analyze and manage historical data according to demand; design a database, It can store the information of environment factor, irrigation condition and so on collected by sensor, provide the data basis for the query of historical data, compile the intelligent irrigation inference interface, which can be based on the time of planting, the humidity of matrix, etc. The relative humidity of the air inferred the irrigation time. In order to verify the effect of intelligent irrigation system on watermelon, the experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Huazhong vegetable Subcenter, National vegetable improvement Center of Huazhong Agricultural University. The results showed that the intelligent irrigation system controlled irrigation time. When the substrate humidity was kept in the range suitable for watermelon growth, the deviation between the substrate humidity and the optimum substrate humidity was about 2%. Compared with artificial irrigation, intelligent irrigation improved the utilization rate of irrigation water and improved the fruit quality. The yield of watermelon was increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S651;S627

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