本文選題：種繩直播機(jī) + 手扶式��； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對(duì)牽引式種繩直播機(jī)不適合小地塊作業(yè),手推式種繩直播機(jī)利用人力、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、作業(yè)效率低等問(wèn)題,本文在前期研制的水稻種繩直播機(jī)樣機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)原有的種繩直播機(jī)進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究,改變了原有樣機(jī)的動(dòng)力來(lái)源,并優(yōu)化了關(guān)鍵部件的性能,設(shè)計(jì)了一種更適合小地塊的實(shí)現(xiàn)旋耕、開溝、放種繩、覆土、鎮(zhèn)壓等一次完成的手扶式水稻種繩直播機(jī),并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。主要研究成果如下。(1)設(shè)計(jì)了手扶式水稻種繩直播機(jī)。采用虛擬設(shè)計(jì)方法設(shè)計(jì)了手扶式水稻種繩直播機(jī),該機(jī)主要由動(dòng)力裝置、旋耕兼行走裝置、放繩系統(tǒng)、開溝裝置、覆土和鎮(zhèn)壓裝置等組成。選取了 YH6001型汽油微耕機(jī)作為手扶式水稻種繩直播機(jī)的動(dòng)力裝置,對(duì)原微耕機(jī)的旋耕刀耕刀進(jìn)行了改裝,改裝后的微耕機(jī)耕寬由60cm增加到90cm,以適應(yīng)種繩直播機(jī)的行距要求。該機(jī)的配套動(dòng)力為5.2kw,作業(yè)行數(shù)為4行,幅寬為810mm,行間距為220mm。試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)當(dāng)旋耕深度平均值為10cm時(shí),旋耕深度變異系數(shù)為0.0647,作業(yè)速度變異系數(shù)為0.0852,其工作性能能夠滿足手扶式水稻種繩直播機(jī)動(dòng)力的要求。(2)試驗(yàn)研究了種繩的受力狀態(tài),建立了系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,證明了種繩在工作過(guò)程中不會(huì)被拉斷。因種繩的抗拉強(qiáng)度較低,在工作過(guò)程中容易被拉斷,為此分別檢測(cè)了兩種作業(yè)速度下種繩的動(dòng)態(tài)受力情況,分析得到了種繩的動(dòng)態(tài)受力曲線,并建立了兩種作業(yè)速度下種繩在0～1s時(shí)的受力數(shù)學(xué)模型。分析結(jié)果表明種繩的受力是一個(gè)典型的二階振蕩過(guò)程,種繩所受最大拉力為0.5N左右,1s以后系統(tǒng)趨于穩(wěn)定,穩(wěn)態(tài)值約為0.26N,不超過(guò)種繩的抗拉強(qiáng)度極限10N,證明了播種過(guò)程中種繩不會(huì)被拉斷。(3)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了所設(shè)計(jì)的種繩直播機(jī)的技術(shù)可行性。種繩直播的主要農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)要求是開溝深度不能超過(guò)30mm,鎮(zhèn)壓后的覆土厚度應(yīng)在10～20mm,覆土太厚影響種子發(fā)芽和出苗,若是種繩裸露于地表容易造成"干子"而不出苗。以水稻種繩直播機(jī)的開溝深度、開溝寬度和作業(yè)速度作為試驗(yàn)因素,以覆土厚度為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了正交試驗(yàn),探索了影響覆土厚度的因素。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,對(duì)直播機(jī)覆土厚度影響最為顯著的是開溝深度,開溝寬度、作業(yè)速度對(duì)覆土厚度也有一定的影響,當(dāng)開溝深度為30mm、開溝寬度為35mm、作業(yè)速度為二檔時(shí),直播機(jī)的覆土效果最好。對(duì)研制的手扶式種繩直播機(jī)和原有的牽引式種繩直播機(jī)的主要性能指標(biāo)做了田間對(duì)比試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明兩者的開溝深度變異系數(shù)分別為0.052和0.061,覆土厚度變異系數(shù)分別為0.123和0.102,從試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的作業(yè)效果來(lái)看,兩者主要工作性能指標(biāo)差別不大,所設(shè)計(jì)的手扶式水稻種繩直播機(jī)能夠滿足農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)要求。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the problem that the traction seed rope direct seeding machine is not suitable for the small plot operation, the hand push seed rope direct seeding machine uses manpower, the labor intensity is large, the work efficiency is low, and so on, this paper is based on the prototype of the rice seed rope direct seeding machine, which was developed in the early stage. In this paper, the original seed rope direct seeding machine is tested, the power source of the original prototype is changed, and the performance of the key parts is optimized, and a more suitable rotary tillage, ditching, planting rope and soil covering is designed for small plots. A walking-type rice rope direct seeding machine was tested and verified. The main research results are as follows: 1) A hand-held rice seed rope direct seeding machine is designed. Using virtual design method, the hand-held rice seed rope direct seeding machine is designed. The machine is mainly composed of power device, rotary tillage and walking device, rope laying system, trench device, soil covering device and suppression device, etc. The YH6001 gasoline micro-tillage machine was selected as the power device of the walking type rice rope direct seeding machine. The rotary tillage knife of the original micro-tillage machine was modified. The tilling width of the modified micro-tillage machine was increased from 60cm to 90 cm to meet the requirements of the row spacing of the seeding rope direct seeding machine. The power of the machine is 5.2kw. the number of lines is 4, the width is 810mm and the distance between lines is 220mm. When the mean value of rotary tillage depth is 10cm, the coefficient of variation of rotary tillage depth is 0.0647, and the coefficient of variation of working speed is 0.0852. Its working performance can meet the power requirement of walking rice seed rope direct seeding machine. The system dynamics model is established, and it is proved that the rope will not be broken in the working process. Because of the low tensile strength of the rope, it is easy to be broken in the working process. Therefore, the dynamic force of the rope under two kinds of working speed is detected, and the dynamic stress curve of the rope is obtained. A mathematical model of the bearing force of the rope at 0 ~ 1 s at two operating speeds is established. The results show that the bearing force of the rope is a typical second-order oscillation process, and the system tends to be stable after the maximum tensile force of the rope is about 0.5 N / 1 s. The steady-state value is about 0.26N, which does not exceed the tensile strength limit of seed rope (10N), which proves that the seed rope will not be broken during seeding. The experiment verifies the technical feasibility of the designed seeding rope direct seeding machine. The main agricultural technique requirement of direct seeding is that the depth of trench should not be more than 30mm, the thickness of overlying soil should be 10 ~ 20mm, the thickness of covered soil will affect seed germination and seedling emergence, if the seed rope is exposed to the ground, it will cause "dry seed" and not seedling. Taking the depth, width and working speed of rice seed rope direct seeding machine as experimental factors, the orthogonal test was carried out with the thickness of overlying soil as the evaluation index, and the factors affecting the thickness of overlying soil were explored. The results show that the depth and width of gully, and the speed of operation have some influence on the thickness of overlying soil. When the depth of trench is 30mm, the width of trench is 35mm, and the speed of operation is second gear, the thickness of overlying soil is affected most obviously by the direct seeding machine. The seeding machine has the best effect on soil cover. The main performance indexes of the walking rope direct seeding machine and the original traction seed rope direct seeding machine were tested in the field. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of trench depth was 0.052 and 0.061, and the coefficient of variation of overlying soil thickness was 0.123 and 0.102, respectively. The designed walking rice seed rope direct seeding machine can meet the agricultural technical requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S223.26

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