本文選題：外源有機(jī)物 + 銅形態(tài)��； 參考：《華北水利水電大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)水資源總體匱乏,且隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展,工業(yè)用水和生活用水所占比重越來(lái)越大,嚴(yán)重?cái)D壓了農(nóng)業(yè)用水,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)用水短缺的問(wèn)題越來(lái)越突出。為緩解農(nóng)業(yè)用水緊張的現(xiàn)狀,一方面需要農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉節(jié)約用水,另一方面需要開(kāi)發(fā)利用可利用的水資源進(jìn)行灌溉。污水作為可利用的寶貴水資源,且每年排放量還在急劇增加,在這樣的背景下,污水亟待開(kāi)發(fā)與利用,來(lái)進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉。但是污水中含有大量的污染物,若處理不當(dāng),會(huì)造成土壤重金屬富集,因此灌前對(duì)污水的預(yù)處理與灌后對(duì)土壤的修復(fù),是利用污水進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉的必要措施。本文以人民勝利渠灌區(qū)及附近農(nóng)田作為研究區(qū)域,利用有機(jī)物進(jìn)行污水處理及污染土壤的修復(fù)。利用有機(jī)物來(lái)降低污水中的重金屬活性,可以緩解農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉水資源短缺,為污水資源化奠定基礎(chǔ);利用有機(jī)物對(duì)重金屬污染農(nóng)田進(jìn)行修復(fù),可以降低土壤重金屬生物有效性,有利于改善不合理污灌造成的土壤重金屬污染。重金屬的形態(tài)分布對(duì)重金屬的活性起關(guān)鍵作用,外源有機(jī)物對(duì)重金屬的形態(tài)分布與生物活性有重要影響。因此本研究首先探討了外源有機(jī)物腐殖酸對(duì)不同污染水體中銅的形態(tài)的影響;采用土壤培養(yǎng)的方式研究了在模擬銅污染土壤中添加沼渣、豬糞、羊糞、雞糞4種有機(jī)物料對(duì)土壤中酸溶態(tài)、可還原態(tài)、可氧化態(tài)和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)銅等4種土壤形態(tài)的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以對(duì)銅生物有效性有影響的有機(jī)組分腐殖酸為外源有機(jī)物,以生菜為指示作物,研究了不同腐殖酸添加量下土壤中銅形態(tài)分布規(guī)律及生菜中銅吸收量的分布,初步明確不同腐殖酸添加量對(duì)銅形態(tài)及其生物有效性的影響。最后,配置含有腐殖酸成分的4種有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合物料,研究4種復(fù)合物料對(duì)土壤銅生物有效性的影響,為土壤修復(fù)工作的進(jìn)一步研究提供了有價(jià)值的參考方法。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)在含銅量為5.77 mg/L的灌溉水中添加不同濃度的腐殖酸(從5 mg/L到35mg/L),顆粒態(tài)銅含量上升最多,溶解態(tài)銅下降最多,表明此時(shí)腐殖酸的加入最有利于污灌所帶來(lái)的農(nóng)田污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在3≤pH≤7的污水中添加腐殖酸,污水中顆粒態(tài)銅能夠急劇增加,減小銅在水中的遷移能力和生物可利用性,為污灌降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(2)在污染土壤中添加4種不同有機(jī)物料的試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中,對(duì)照組與處理組均出現(xiàn)殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量上升,可氧化態(tài)含量下降。在不添加銅的土壤中,添加羊糞處理時(shí),此現(xiàn)象最明顯,可氧化態(tài)含量下降了29%,殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量上升了25%。(3)在不添加銅的土壤中,施用4種有機(jī)物料,增加了土壤中有效態(tài)銅含量。在銅濃度為50 mg/kg、250 mg/kg的土壤中,添加4種有機(jī)物料均降低了土壤中有效態(tài)銅含量。且當(dāng)銅為250 mg/kg時(shí),添加有機(jī)物料對(duì)有效態(tài)銅含量的降低作用最大,此時(shí)4種有機(jī)物料對(duì)有效態(tài)銅的降低作用可以總結(jié)為雞糞羊糞沼渣豬糞。(4)在銅濃度500 mg/kg的土壤中,羊糞的添加降低了土壤中有效態(tài)銅含量,羊糞添加量越大,對(duì)有效態(tài)銅含量的降低作用越明顯。(5)腐殖酸的加入對(duì)銅生物有效性的影響是負(fù)效應(yīng),可抑制生菜對(duì)重金屬銅的吸收。隨著腐殖酸添加量的增加,對(duì)各污染水平的土壤中生菜銅吸收量(根部+地上部)的降低作用越明顯。當(dāng)腐殖酸添加量為8 g/kg時(shí),處理組比對(duì)照組平均降低33.4%。所有組合中,只有當(dāng)銅濃度50 mg/kg、腐殖酸濃度為6 g/kg和8 g/kg時(shí),對(duì)生菜銅(地上部+根部)吸收量的降低量較多,分別降低了46%和44%,此時(shí)生菜地上部銅含量10mg/kg,符合國(guó)家衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在銅為50 mg/kg的土壤中,加入腐殖酸后生菜銅吸收量比對(duì)照組降低的最多。(6)植物根際活動(dòng)促進(jìn)土壤中可還原態(tài)銅含量升高,促進(jìn)可氧化態(tài)含量降低。根際土中不同形態(tài)含量從高到低依次為殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)可還原態(tài)可氧化態(tài)酸溶態(tài)。非根際土中,4種形態(tài)含量從高到低依次為殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)可氧化態(tài)可還原態(tài)酸溶態(tài)。(7)4種有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合物料中,以腐殖酸含量為主的復(fù)合物料D對(duì)銅生物有效性的負(fù)效應(yīng)影響最明顯。土壤中添加復(fù)合物料D后,小白菜體內(nèi)銅含量減少最多,比對(duì)照組減少了59%。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, with the development of economy and society, the proportion of industrial water and domestic water is becoming more and more serious, and the agricultural water is squeezed seriously. The problem of agricultural water shortage is becoming more and more prominent. In order to alleviate the current situation of agricultural water use, it is necessary for agricultural irrigation to save water, on the other hand, it needs to be exploited and utilized. Water resources are used for irrigation. Sewage is used as a valuable water resource, and the annual discharge is still increasing rapidly. In this context, sewage is urgently developed and used for agricultural irrigation. But there are a lot of pollutants in the sewage. If the sewage is not treated properly, it will be enriched in heavy metals in the soil, so the pre irrigation of sewage is pre placed. The restoration of soil after irrigation and irrigation is a necessary measure for agricultural irrigation with sewage. This paper takes the people's Shengli canal irrigation area and the nearby farmland as the research area, and uses organic matter to treat the sewage and the remediation of contaminated soil. The use of organic matter to reduce the heavy metal activity in the sewage can alleviate the shortage of agricultural irrigation water resources. The utilization of organic matter to the remediation of heavy metal polluted farmland can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals and improve the pollution of heavy metals caused by unreasonable irrigation. The distribution of heavy metals plays a key role in the activity of heavy metals, and the morphological distribution and biological activity of exogenous organic matter to heavy metals. In this study, the effect of exogenous organic humic acid on the morphology of copper in different polluted water bodies was investigated. The soil culture method was used to study the acid soluble, reducible, oxidizable and residue copper of 4 organic materials in the simulated copper contaminated soil, pig manure, sheep dung and chicken manure 4. On this basis, on this basis, the organic components of the organic compounds, which have influence on the bioavailability of copper, were taken as the exogenous organic matter. The distribution of copper in the soil and the distribution of copper absorption in the lettuce were studied under the addition of different humic acids. In the end, 4 kinds of organic and inorganic compound materials containing humic acid are arranged to study the effect of 4 kinds of compound materials on the bioavailability of soil copper, and provide valuable reference methods for further research on soil remediation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) adding different concentrations in the irrigation water with copper content of 5.77 mg/L. With humic acid (from 5 mg/L to 35mg/L), the content of granular copper increases most and the dissolved copper decreases most. It shows that the addition of humic acid is most beneficial to the pollution risk of farmland caused by sewage irrigation. Adding humic acid to 3 less than pH < 7 of sewage, the granular copper in sewage can increase rapidly, and reduces the migration ability and bioavailability of copper in water. (2) to reduce the risk of sewage irrigation. (2) in the test process of adding 4 different organic materials in the contaminated soil, the residue state content of the control group and the treatment group increased and the oxidizable content decreased. In the soil without copper, this phenomenon was the most obvious, the oxidizing state decreased by 29%, and the residue content increased by 2. 5%. (3) added 4 kinds of organic materials in the soil without copper, which increased the content of effective copper in the soil. Adding 4 organic materials in the soil of 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg decreased the content of effective copper in the soil. And when copper was 250 mg/kg, the effect of adding organic materials to the effective copper content was the greatest, and 4 kinds of organic materials were found at this time. The effect of organic materials on the reduction of effective copper can be summed up as chicken manure pig dung. (4) in the soil of 500 mg/kg copper concentration, the addition of sheep dung reduced the content of effective copper in the soil. The greater the amount of sheep dung added, the more obvious the effect of the effective copper content. (5) the effect of humic acid addition on the bioavailability of copper was negative. It can inhibit the absorption of heavy metal copper in the lettuce. With the increase of humic acid addition, the reduced effect of the soil Nakamo Na absorption (root + top) at each level of pollution is more obvious. When the addition of humic acid is 8 g/kg, the treatment group is less 33.4%. than the control group, only when the concentration of copper is 50 mg/kg, the humic acid is strong. When the degree is 6 g/kg and 8 g/kg, the reduction in the absorption of copper (top + root) in lettuce is more than 46% and 44%, respectively. The copper content in the upper part of the lettuce is 10mg/kg, which conforms to the national hygienic standard. In the soil of 50 mg/kg, the absorption of copper by adding humic acid is most lower than that of the control group. (6) the plant rhizosphere activity promotes the soil. The content of the reducible copper is increased and the content of the oxidizable state is reduced. The content of different forms in the rhizosphere soil is from the high to the low to the oxidizable acid soluble state of the redox state of the residue. In the non rhizosphere soil, the 4 kinds of morphological content from high to low are in the residue state oxidizable state acid soluble state. (7) 4 kinds of organic and inorganic compound materials, humic acid The negative effect of D on the bioavailability of copper was most obvious. After adding compound material D in the soil, the content of copper in Chinese cabbage decreased by 59%., which was less than that of the control group.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S273.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳欣瑤;楊惠子;李敏;牛曉叢;蘇雨軒;張園;;芘、鎘單一及復(fù)合污染脅迫下土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響機(jī)制[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2017年01期

2 辛璐君;齊學(xué)斌;郭建青;樊向陽(yáng);劉燕;胡艷玲;;單次污水灌溉后長(zhǎng)期污灌土壤鎘的垂向分布特征[J];中國(guó)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào);2016年02期

3 林躍勝;方鳳滿;魏曉飛;;皖南茶園土壤重金屬化學(xué)形態(tài)及其生物有效性[J];水土保持通報(bào);2014年06期

4 童方平;李貴;劉振華;;有機(jī)肥料對(duì)鉛污染土壤鉛形態(tài)及生物有效性影響研究[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào);2014年08期

5 陸曉輝;王濟(jì);;有機(jī)物料對(duì)土壤外源銅絡(luò)合作用及影響因素研究[J];土壤通報(bào);2013年03期

6 劉永紅;馮磊;胡紅青;鄭新生;;磷礦粉和活化磷礦粉修復(fù)Cu污染土壤[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2013年11期

7 宋偉;陳百明;劉琳;;中國(guó)耕地土壤重金屬污染概況[J];水土保持研究;2013年02期

8 李影;吳景貴;陳猛;;不同有機(jī)物料與化肥配施對(duì)黑土重金屬各形態(tài)的影響[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2013年02期

9 周利強(qiáng);尹斌;吳龍華;駱永明;;有機(jī)物料對(duì)污染土壤上水稻重金屬吸收的調(diào)控效應(yīng)[J];土壤;2013年02期

10 馬超;賈艷俠;唐濤;孫元社;張維冰;李英杰;李彤;;硅膠中六種金屬離子反王水消解-離子色譜檢測(cè)方法的研究[J];分析科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2012年06期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 劉永紅;姜冠杰;楊海征;付慶靈;胡紅青;;土壤重金屬污染及其修復(fù)技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[A];中國(guó)土壤學(xué)會(huì)第十一屆全國(guó)會(huì)員代表大會(huì)暨第七屆海峽兩岸土壤肥料學(xué)術(shù)交流研討會(huì)論文集（下）[C];2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 羅夢(mèng)婷;鴨跖草（Commelina communis L）生長(zhǎng)對(duì)土壤銅污染的響應(yīng)及其對(duì)土壤銅形態(tài)的影響[D];湖北大學(xué);2014年

2 張鴻淵;活化風(fēng)化煤對(duì)土壤外源銅形態(tài)及生物有效性的影響[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

3 王意錕;有機(jī)物料、粘土礦物對(duì)重金屬污染土壤的修復(fù)[D];南京林業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

4 馬明廣;腐殖酸、斜發(fā)沸石、膨潤(rùn)土的改性及在水處理中的應(yīng)用[D];西北師范大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：1911450