本文選題：樣帶 + 小流域��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃土高原作為全球典型的半干旱、干旱區(qū)域,水分是限制該區(qū)植被生長的重要因子,黃土高原土壤經(jīng)常處于水分虧缺狀態(tài)。黃土高原天然降水具有降水量少、年際間變幅大、年內(nèi)分布不均等特點,植物生長期內(nèi)的降水常常不能滿足植物生長的需求。因此,黃土高原地區(qū)土壤水分動態(tài)平衡是保證生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)、穩(wěn)健恢復(fù)的關(guān)鍵。深入研究黃土高原不同尺度深層土壤水分的空間格局和分布特征是區(qū)域水資源評價、管理及植被科學(xué)布局過程中的一項重要任務(wù)。針對目前黃土高原現(xiàn)狀,本論文分別在區(qū)域尺度的一條樣帶和三個典型的小流域為研究區(qū)域,對土壤水分的空間分布狀態(tài)進行研究,并且進一步分析了土壤儲水量和有效土壤儲水量的分布特征及其相關(guān)因素的影響。小流域內(nèi)揭示了溝道深層土壤的蓄水能力,主要取得的研究成果包括以下幾個方面:(1)揭示了樣帶尺度土壤水分的分布規(guī)律及其兩氣候區(qū)土壤水分的分布特征。土壤儲水量(SWS5m)從東南向西北逐漸遞減,半濕潤區(qū)5 m深的土壤儲水量比半半旱區(qū)要高320 mm。半干旱區(qū)的SWS和土壤有效儲水量(ASWS)在0-500 cm剖面比半濕潤區(qū)表現(xiàn)較大的變異,半干旱區(qū)的SWS1m和ASWS1m隨土層增加而增加,而在半濕潤區(qū),兩者則表現(xiàn)出隨土層而不斷波動的狀態(tài)。(2)土壤儲水量垂直剖面的分布規(guī)律。旱季SWS5m和ASWS5m在100-500 cm的值比雨季小,說明土壤儲水量在我們測量的這段時間內(nèi)是相對穩(wěn)定的。SWS1m和ASWS1m在0-100 cm土層表現(xiàn)出很大的波動,說明淺層土壤更容易受到環(huán)境因素(降雨、入滲、蒸發(fā)等)的影響。(3)分別在樣帶和兩氣候區(qū)探討了土壤儲水量與各個因子的關(guān)系。樣帶尺度上,SWS5m和ASWS5m在土地利用類型之間存在顯著差異。半干旱區(qū)的SWS5m和ASWS5m主要受土壤性質(zhì)的影響,半濕潤區(qū)的SWS5m和ASWS5m則受土壤、海拔和緯度的綜合制約。在大尺度上SWS5m和ASWS5m是由氣候因素、地形要素、土壤性質(zhì)共同決定的。(4)三個小流域土壤水分分布特征與相關(guān)因素分析。三個小流域土壤質(zhì)量含水量在2.3%和46.6%之間變動,平均值為11.2%,變異系數(shù)為53%,屬于中等程度變異。溝道土壤水分的平均值比坡面的要高11.6%。溝道水分的變異系數(shù)比坡面要高。四種土地利用類型下的坡面土壤水分的垂直分布表現(xiàn)出不同形式,三流域陰坡土壤水分均比陽坡的要高。(5)溝道新造耕地有很大的儲蓄深層土壤水分的能力,南溝和顧屯治理流域增加的儲蓄的水分分別占年均降水的19%和18.9%。
[Abstract]:As a typical semi-arid and arid region of the world, water is an important factor limiting vegetation growth in the Loess Plateau, and the soil in the Loess Plateau is often in a water deficit state. The natural precipitation in the Loess Plateau is characterized by less precipitation, large interannual variability and uneven distribution in the year. The precipitation in the plant growth period is often unable to meet the needs of plant growth. Therefore, the dynamic balance of soil moisture in the Loess Plateau is the key to the sustainable and steady restoration of the ecosystem. It is an important task for regional water resources evaluation, management and vegetation scientific distribution to study the spatial pattern and distribution characteristics of deep soil water in different scales on the Loess Plateau. According to the present situation of Loess Plateau, this paper studies the spatial distribution of soil water in a transect of regional scale and three typical small watersheds. The distribution characteristics of soil water storage and available soil water storage and the influence of relevant factors were also analyzed. The water storage capacity of the deep soil in the channel was revealed in the small watershed. The main research results included the following aspects: 1) revealing the distribution law of soil water in the transect scale and the distribution characteristics of soil water in the two climatic regions. Soil water storage (SWS5m) gradually decreased from southeast to northwest. The soil water storage at 5 m depth in semi-humid area was 320 mm higher than that in semi-arid area. The variation of SWS and soil available water storage in semi-arid area is larger than that in semi-humid area in 0-500cm profile. The SWS1m and ASWS1m in semi-arid area increase with the increase of soil layer, but in semi-humid area, the variation of SWS1m and ASWS1m in semi-arid area is higher than that in semi-humid area. The vertical profile distribution of soil water storage showed that the soil water content fluctuated continuously with the soil layer. The values of SWS5m and ASWS5m in dry season at 100-500 cm are smaller than those in rainy season, indicating that soil water storage is relatively stable in the period of time we measured. SWS1m and ASWS1m fluctuate greatly in 0-100cm soil layer, indicating that shallow soil is more vulnerable to environmental factors (rainfall). The effects of infiltration and evaporation) on the relationship between soil water storage and various factors were studied in the transect and in the two climatic regions, respectively. There were significant differences between SWS5m and ASWS5m in land use types on the scale of transect. SWS5m and ASWS5m in semi-arid areas are mainly affected by soil properties, while SWS5m and ASWS5m in semi-humid areas are restricted by soil, altitude and latitude. On a large scale, SWS5m and ASWS5m are determined by climatic factors, topographic factors and soil properties. The soil water content of the three small watersheds varied between 2.3% and 46.6%, the average value was 11.2, and the coefficient of variation was 53. The average value of soil moisture in the channel is 11.6m higher than that on the slope. The coefficient of variation of channel water is higher than that of slope. The vertical distribution of soil water on slope under four land use types shows different forms. The soil moisture of shady slope in three basins is higher than that of sunny slope. The water content increased in Nangou and Gutun watershed accounts for 19% and 18.9% of the average annual precipitation, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S152.7

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