本文選題：種子丸�；� + 濕直播水稻��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻直播是一種省工、節(jié)水、高效和便于全程機(jī)械化的水稻栽培技術(shù),是應(yīng)對我國水稻生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)型的技術(shù)之一。然而,直播稻出苗、立苗狀況差限制了直播水稻大面積推廣,尤其在易于遭遇淹水的地區(qū)或田面不平整的田塊。有研究報道,種子丸�；且环N可以增強(qiáng)種子發(fā)芽過程中抗逆能力的高效、實用性強(qiáng)的技術(shù),能夠顯著促進(jìn)種子出苗及幼苗生長。但是,目前關(guān)于不同丸�；幚韺χ辈ニ灸婢硹l件下出苗、幼苗素質(zhì)的影響及其生理機(jī)制方面的研究較少。故本研究旨在:(1)探索適宜濕直播水稻的種子丸�；牧�、比例及丸�；稊�(shù)(丸化劑與水稻種子的重量比);(2)探索過氧化鈣丸�；幚硖岣咚痉N子萌發(fā)過程中耐淹性的相關(guān)機(jī)理,并探明其生理生化機(jī)制;(3)在大田淹水脅迫下,評估過氧化鈣丸�；幚韺裰辈ニ�(WDSR)種子萌發(fā)、早期幼苗生長和成熟期水稻產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因子的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.篩選出含過氧化鈣的種子丸�；幚砟軌蝻@著促進(jìn)濕直播水稻種子播后淹水脅迫下的萌發(fā)及早期幼苗生長,平均發(fā)芽率比裸種子對照高38.4%,平均芽長、最大根長、芽鮮重、根鮮重比裸種子對照分別高130.0%、71.9%、147.8%、137.4%�；诎l(fā)芽率和幼苗生長表現(xiàn),過氧化鈣與水稻種子的重量比在0.6:1-1:1之間時丸�；Ч詈�。2.種子丸�；幚泶龠M(jìn)淹水脅迫下濕直播水稻種子萌發(fā)及早期生長的生理機(jī)制:(1)增加種子周圍氧含量,促進(jìn)種子萌發(fā)或幼苗生長,如含10%過氧化鈣,丸化5倍比丸化3倍的逸氧量增加126.5%;(2)淹水條件下含過氧化鈣丸�；幚淼姆N子或幼苗體內(nèi)?-淀粉酶和總淀粉酶活性分別比裸種子對照提高345.5%和201.1%。(3)淹水條件下,過氧化鈣丸�；幚淼姆N子或幼苗體內(nèi)丙酮酸脫羧酶(PDC)及乙醇脫氫酶(ADH)活性分別比裸種子對照降低90.8%和73.0%。3.在大田淹水條件下,含過氧化鈣丸粒化處理的出苗率比裸種子對照高33.9%,且丸�；幚矸N子的平均芽長、最大根長、芽鮮重、根鮮重比裸種子對照分別提高66.7%、35.2%、181.9%、215.8%,差異達(dá)到顯著水平。丸�；幚淼姆N子比裸種子對照增產(chǎn)11.9%-23.2%,是由于丸�；幚硐掠行霐�(shù)密度高于裸種子對照處理�？偨Y(jié):與裸種子相比,含過氧化鈣的丸�；N子,其種子或幼苗的淀粉降解增強(qiáng)、無氧呼吸減弱,有效提高淹水脅迫下水稻種子的抗逆性,顯著改善淹水條件下濕直播水稻的幼苗建成,進(jìn)而增加水稻的產(chǎn)量;在實際生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)綜合考慮抗壓強(qiáng)度、泥漿中下沉狀況等問題,應(yīng)選擇過氧化鈣含量為10%、丸化倍數(shù)為5倍或過氧化鈣含量為20%、丸化倍數(shù)為3倍的丸�；浞�。
[Abstract]:Rice direct seeding is a kind of rice cultivation technology which saves labor, saves water, is efficient and is convenient to mechanize the whole process. It is one of the techniques to deal with the transformation of rice production in China. However, the emergence of direct seeding rice and the poor seedling standing condition limit the wide spread of direct seeding rice, especially in areas prone to flooding or uneven fields. It has been reported that seed pellet granulation is a highly effective and practical technique that can enhance the stress resistance of seeds during germination. It can significantly promote seed emergence and seedling growth. However, there are few studies on the effect of different pellet granulation on seedling quality and physiological mechanism of direct seeding rice under stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the suitable seed pelletizing materials for wet direct seeding rice. The ratio of pellet granulation (the ratio of pelletizer to rice seed weight) was studied to explore the mechanism of calcium peroxide pellet granulation to improve the waterlogging tolerance of rice seeds during germination, and the physiological and biochemical mechanism was also proved to be the physiological and biochemical mechanism under field flooding stress. To evaluate the effect of calcium peroxide pellet granulation on seed germination, early seedling growth and ripening of rice and its components in wet direct seeding rice (WDSR). The main results are as follows: 1. The results showed that the seed pellet granulation containing calcium peroxide could significantly promote the germination and early seedling growth of rice seeds under waterlogging stress, the average germination rate was 38.4% higher than that of bare seed control, and the average bud length, maximum root length and fresh bud weight were higher than those of bare seed control. The fresh weight of root was 130.0 higher than that of bare seed control. On the basis of germination rate and seedling growth performance, when the weight ratio of calcium peroxide to rice seed is between 0.6: 1-1: 1, the effect of pellet granulation is the best. The physiological mechanism of seed germination and early growth of wet direct seeding rice under waterlogging stress was that seed pelletization increased the content of oxygen around the seed and promoted the seed germination or seedling growth, such as 10% calcium peroxide. The activities of amylase and total amylase in seeds or seedlings treated with calcium peroxide pellets were increased by 345.5% and 201.1.1%, respectively, compared with bare seed control. The activities of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in seeds or seedlings treated with calcium peroxide pellets were decreased by 90.8% and 73.03.0%, respectively, compared with bare seed control. Under the condition of field flooding, the seed emergence rate of pelletizing treatment containing calcium peroxide was 33.9% higher than that of bare seed control, and the average bud length, maximum root length, fresh weight of bud, fresh weight of root and fresh weight of root were increased by 66.735.2% 181.9% and 215.8, respectively, and the difference was significant. The yield of seeds treated by pellet granulation was 11.9- 23.2than that of bare seed control, because the density of effective panicle number was higher than that of bare seed control under pelletizing treatment. Conclusion: compared with bare seeds, the starch degradation and anaerobic respiration of seeds or seedlings of pelletized seeds containing calcium peroxide were enhanced, which effectively improved the resistance of rice seeds under flooding stress. The seedling construction of wet direct seeding rice under flooded condition was improved significantly, and then the rice yield was increased, and the compressive strength and mud sinking condition should be considered comprehensively in actual production. The formulation of pellet granulation with calcium peroxide content of 10 times, multiple of 5 times of pellet, calcium peroxide content of 20 times and multiple of 3 times of pelletization should be selected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511

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本文編號：1900994