本文選題：柑橘 + 酸橙��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：柑橘資源分布廣泛,具有變異大、多胚性、種間和屬間易雜交等特點,導致柑橘具有豐富的表型差異和復雜的親緣關系。探究柑橘的遺傳起源可為再創(chuàng)造柑橘新種質奠定基礎。酸橙與甜橙是柑橘屬中重要的類型,本課題以收集的酸橙與甜橙種質資源為研究對象,用SSR分子標記分析酸橙與甜橙的遺傳起源規(guī)律,對酸橙的雜交后代進行胚搶救、雜種鑒定與分子標記篩選,獲得甜橙類似的材料。此外,對收集的柑橘果實材料進行常規(guī)品質測定并用GC-FID測定柑橘糖酸,分析不同柑橘品種果實糖酸變化的規(guī)律。主要研究結果如下:1.為了研究酸橙和甜橙的遺傳起源模式,選取206對SSR多態(tài)性引物對橘、柚、酸橙和甜橙等材料進行分子標記分析得到。酸橙母本可能為柚,父本可能為野橘,兩者與酸橙帶型相似比率都達到0.79以上。推測甜橙父本可能為i*柑類型,母本可能為酸橙,兩者與甜橙帶型相似比率都達到0.89以上。同時基于前人的研究進展,我們推測酸橙的起源模式為:柚×橘;甜橙的起源模式可能為:(柚×橘A)×橘B。2.進一步選取與酸橙、甜橙及其可能有親緣關系的9個柑橘品種親緣關系分析,153對SSR多態(tài)性引物結果表明,酸橙分為兩類,分別以土橘紅1號和代代酸橙為代表,與兩者最相似的父本為道縣野橘2號,帶型相似比率分別為0.89、0.85,與兩者最相似的母本為吉安柚2號,帶型相似比率分別為0.85、0.80。甜橙的父本可能為建柑,與甜橙帶型相似比率達0.93;甜橙的母本可能為土橘紅1號,與甜橙帶型相似比率達0.90。3.以湖北、廣東及四川3個地方的酸橙為母本,i*柑為父本,共配置4個雜交組合。得到胚挽救果實數(shù)68個,經(jīng)生根誘導培養(yǎng)獲得892個再生植株。經(jīng)過SSR雜種鑒定,共獲得雜種植株215株。用19對In Del引物對215株雜種后代進行篩選,最終篩選出6株類似于甜橙的株系,通過全基因組重測序分析發(fā)現(xiàn),GD-137株系在2號染色體與甜橙具有極其相似的基因信息。4.對68份柑橘品種進行常規(guī)品質分析發(fā)現(xiàn),柑橘屬、金柑屬及酒餅勒屬果實之間可溶性糖、可滴定酸和抗壞血酸含量差異顯著。在橘類中,野橘的可滴定酸含量顯著高于栽培橘。在橙類中,高酸甜橙可滴定酸含量在1%以上,而低酸甜橙普遍在1%以下。對56份柑橘品種用GC-FID測定糖酸得到,柚類、橘類和橙類可溶性糖主要成分是果糖和蔗糖,而枸櫞、檸檬以及宜昌橙主要成分是果糖和葡萄糖。大部分柑橘類型的有機酸為檸檬酸�？偹岷涂偺浅尸F(xiàn)極顯著的負相關關系,其中檸檬酸與果糖、蔗糖和總糖都呈現(xiàn)顯著的負相關關系。
[Abstract]:Citrus resources have the characteristics of wide distribution, large variation, polyembryony, interspecific and intergeneric hybridization, which lead to rich phenotypic differences and complex phylogenetic relationships. Exploring the genetic origin of citrus can lay a foundation for the re-creation of new citrus germplasm. Lime and Sweet Orange are important types of citrus genus. In this paper, the germplasm resources of Citrus and Sweet Orange collected were studied. The genetic origin of Citrus and Sweet Orange was analyzed by SSR molecular marker, and embryo rescue was carried out in the hybrid progeny of Citrus. Hybrid identification and molecular marker screening were used to obtain the similar materials of sweet orange. In addition, the quality of the collected citrus fruit materials was determined by GC-FID and the changes of sugar and acid in different citrus cultivars were analyzed. The main results are as follows: 1. In order to study the genetic origin pattern of lime and sweet orange, 206 pairs of SSR polymorphic primers were used to analyze the genetic origin of orange, pomelo, lime and sweet orange. It is possible that the female parent of lime is grapefruit, the male parent may be wild orange, and the similarity ratio between them and the zonal type of lime is more than 0.79. It was suggested that the male parent of sweet orange might be the type of I * orange, and the female parent might be a kind of lime. The similarity ratio between them and the zonal type of sweet orange was above 0.89. At the same time, based on the previous research progress, we speculate that the origin pattern of lime is: pomelo 脳 orange, and sweet orange may be the origin pattern of: (pomelo 脳 orange) 脳 orange B.2. Further analysis of the genetic relationship of nine citrus cultivars with acid orange, sweet orange and 9 citrus cultivars was carried out. The results of SSR polymorphic primers showed that lime could be classified into two groups, represented by Tuzhuhong 1 and generation lime, respectively. The most similar male parent was Daoxian Wild Orange 2, and the band type similarity ratio was 0.89 ~ 0.85, respectively. The most similar female parent was Ji'an Shaddock No. 2, and the band type similarity ratio was 0.85 ~ (0.80). The male parent of sweet orange may be Jian orange, and the similarity ratio with sweet orange zonal type is 0.93.The female parent of sweet orange may be Tuzuhong 1, and the similarity ratio with sweet orange belt type is 0.90.3. There were four cross combinations in Hubei, Guangdong and Sichuan, which were composed of Citrus mandarin as female parent and Citrus mandarin as male parent. The number of embryo saved fruits was 68, and 892 regenerated plants were obtained by rooting induction culture. A total of 215 hybrid plants were obtained by SSR hybrid identification. In Del primers were used to screen 215 hybrid progenies, and 6 lines similar to Sweet Orange were screened. The genetic information of GD-137 was found to be very similar to that of Sweet Orange on chromosome 2 by genome re-sequencing. The content of soluble sugar, titratable acid and ascorbic acid in 68 citrus cultivars were significantly different. The titratable acid content of wild orange was significantly higher than that of cultivated orange. In oranges, the titratable acid content of high lime is more than 1%, while that of low lime is below 1%. Fructose and sucrose were the main components of soluble sugar in Citrus, Citrus, Citrus and Yichang Orange, while fructose and glucose were the main components in Citrus, Lemon and Yichang Orange. Most citrus organic acids are citric acid. There was a significant negative correlation between total acid and total sugar, among which citric acid was negatively correlated with fructose, sucrose and total sugar.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S666

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