發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-14 04:26

  本文選題：鎘富集 + 三七　； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：三七[Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen]為五加科人參屬多年生草本植物,常以其干燥塊根入藥,近年來(lái)其莖葉作為新資源食品被開(kāi)發(fā)利用,其傳統(tǒng)藥效有止血、活血、散瘀、定痛、降壓、降脂、降血糖等。云南省是三七的道地產(chǎn)區(qū),中國(guó)市場(chǎng)中95%的三七來(lái)自云南。同時(shí),云南也是礦產(chǎn)大省,其豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源造成了土壤中重金屬含量較高,尤其是作為鎘出產(chǎn)全國(guó)第一的地區(qū),其土壤中的鎘背景值應(yīng)被重視。近年來(lái),食品鎘污染問(wèn)題頻發(fā),藥材鎘安全也成為中藥材市場(chǎng)關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。如何在高鎘背景值下種植三七,三七對(duì)鎘是否存在富集效應(yīng),鎘是否影響三七生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及藥材質(zhì)量,三七對(duì)鎘的吸收與貯存途徑如何,均需要研究來(lái)闡明。因此,本文以三七為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)土培,水培等實(shí)驗(yàn),以期探明三七對(duì)鎘富集的生理響應(yīng)及其吸收鎘的生理機(jī)制。本文的主要研究成果如下:1.以二年生三七為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,通過(guò)土培實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了不同濃度鎘處理(0、5、10、30、60 mg·kg~(-1))對(duì)三七生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及皂苷積累的影響,同時(shí)用Tessier A連續(xù)提取法對(duì)三七種植土壤中的鎘進(jìn)行了分類(lèi)。結(jié)果表明,三七種植土壤中五種土壤鎘形態(tài)的大小順序?yàn)?碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)殘留態(tài)鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)有機(jī)物結(jié)合態(tài)可交換態(tài),通過(guò)潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)法得出土壤中鎘含量的生態(tài)環(huán)境危害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低。5 mg·kg~(-1)鎘處理可顯著促進(jìn)三七生長(zhǎng),10～60 mg·kg~(-1)鎘處理下的三七各農(nóng)藝性狀顯著低于空白處理組;5 mg·kg~(-1)鎘處理可增加三七對(duì)N、P、K的吸收積累,高濃度鎘則抑制其累積;三七各部位鎘含量分別與鎘處理時(shí)間和濃度呈正相關(guān),各部位鎘含量大小順序?yàn)?須根剪口主根葉莖花;各部位鎘富集系數(shù)隨處理時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而增大,但隨處理濃度的升高而下降;鎘處理使三七中五種主要皂苷成分:R1,Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rd及其總和均低于空白組。綜上所述,低濃度鎘處理可刺激三七生長(zhǎng),高濃度鎘則對(duì)三七生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生抑制,鎘脅迫會(huì)降低三七主要藥效成分皂苷的積累,說(shuō)明鎘會(huì)影響三七藥材質(zhì)量,應(yīng)減少種植背景中的鎘含量,以保證三七藥材的安全與質(zhì)量。2.以二年生三七為試驗(yàn)材料,在水培條件下研究了鎘脅迫(0、2.5、5、10μmol·L~(-1))對(duì)三七抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)和光合參數(shù)的影響及三七對(duì)鎘的吸收分配規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:2.5μmol·L~(-1)鎘處理可誘導(dǎo)SOD、POD、APX等酶活性的升高,10 μmol·L~(-1)鎘處理則對(duì)SOD、POD、APX和CAT均產(chǎn)生抑制作用;鎘處理對(duì)三七各部位CAT活性均具有抑制作用;三七凈光合速率、蒸騰速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度均隨鎘處理濃度的升高而降低,胞間CO2濃度則呈先下降后上升的趨勢(shì);三七各器官鎘含量表現(xiàn)為須根剪口主根葉片莖;葉、莖、剪口、須根、主根鎘富集系數(shù)均隨鎘處理濃度的升高而降低;各器官中鎘含量與遷移系數(shù)均隨鎘處理濃度的升高而上升。綜上所述,鎘脅迫可對(duì)三七抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)和光合系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生影響,三七對(duì)鎘具有富集作用,應(yīng)合理選擇三七種植基地以減少對(duì)鎘的吸收,合理選取三七入藥部位,以降低鎘攝入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。3.以二年生三七為試驗(yàn)材料,通過(guò)水培試驗(yàn)研究了三七對(duì)鎘的吸收方式、運(yùn)輸動(dòng)力、時(shí)間吸收動(dòng)力學(xué)及濃度動(dòng)力學(xué)特征。結(jié)果表明:抑制代謝與抑制蒸騰均能減少三七對(duì)鎘的吸收與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),說(shuō)明三七對(duì)鎘的吸收與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)兼?zhèn)渲鲃?dòng)與被動(dòng);試驗(yàn)初期的0～2小時(shí)為三七快速吸收鎘的時(shí)期,2小時(shí)后三七對(duì)鎘的吸收速率逐漸下降,24小時(shí)后趨于平緩;三七對(duì)鎘的吸收隨鎘處理濃度升高而增加,本試驗(yàn)中的20 μml·L~(-1)處理濃度并非三七吸收鎘的閾值。4.以二年生三七為材料,研究了水培條件下外源一氧化氮(NO)供體硝普鈉(SNP)和清除劑2-4-羧苯基四甲基咪唑烷~(-1)-氧-3-氧化物(L-NAME)處理對(duì)鎘脅迫下三七的生理及鎘積累特性的影響。結(jié)果表明:50 μmol·L~(-1) SNP處理可降低鎘脅迫下(10 μmol·L~(-1))三七中超氧陰離子O~2·、產(chǎn)生速率及丙二醛含量;提高三七各部位(葉、莖、剪口、根)的SOD、POD及CAT活性;促進(jìn)鎘脅迫下三七葉片光合效率及葉綠素含量的上升。但高濃度SNP處理(100μmol·L~(-1))對(duì)上述指標(biāo)具有負(fù)調(diào)控作用。SNP處理能促進(jìn)三七各部位鎘含量和富集系數(shù)的升高,且隨處理濃度的升高而增強(qiáng),但SNP對(duì)鎘轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)無(wú)顯著影響。L-NAME處理顯著提升鎘脅迫下三七中超氧陰離子02·-產(chǎn)生速率及丙二醛含量;降低各部位的抗氧化酶活性;同時(shí)也減少了鎘在各部位的累積;上述作用效應(yīng)隨L-NAME處理濃度的升高而增強(qiáng)。綜上所述,NO信號(hào)參與調(diào)控鎘脅迫下三七抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)、光合系統(tǒng)及對(duì)鎘的吸收貯存。
[Abstract]:37 [Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen] is a perennial herb of Radix Acanthopanax. It is often used as a perennial herb of Radix Acanthopanax. In recent years, its stem and leaf have been developed and utilized as a new resource food. Its traditional efficacy has hemostatic, blood circulation, stasis, pain, blood pressure, blood fat, blood sugar and so on. Yunnan is a 37 real estate area, and 95% of the Chinese market is three. Seven is from Yunnan. At the same time, Yunnan is also a major mineral province. Its rich mineral resources have caused high heavy metal content in the soil, especially as the first area of cadmium production nationwide. The background value of cadmium in the soil should be paid attention to. In recent years, the problem of cadmium pollution in food is frequent and the safety of medicinal materials and cadmium has become the focus of the Chinese medicinal materials market. Under high cadmium background, it is necessary to study whether cadmium has a enrichment effect on cadmium, whether cadmium has a enrichment effect on cadmium, whether cadmium affects 37 growth and quality of medicinal materials, and how the absorption and storage of cadmium is 37. Therefore, this paper uses 37 as the research object, through soil culture and hydroponics, in order to explore the physiological response of 37 cadmium enrichment. The main research results in this paper are as follows: 1. the effects of different concentrations of cadmium treatment (0,5,10,30,60 mg. Kg~ (-1)) on the growth and the accumulation of saponins were studied by soil culture experiment, and the cadmium in 37 cultivated soils was divided by Tessier A continuous extraction. The results showed that the order of cadmium morphology in the five soils of 37 cultivated soils was the exchangeable state of the combined state of Fe Mn oxide bound organic compounds in the carbonate bound state, and the ecological environment of cadmium content in the soil through the potential ecological hazard index evaluation method was harmful to the risk of low.5 mg. Kg~ (-1) cadmium treatment, which could significantly promote 37. Growth, 10~60 mg. Kg~ (-1) cadmium treatment of 37 agronomic characters significantly lower than the blank treatment group, 5 mg. Kg~ (-1) cadmium treatment can increase 37 pairs of N, P, K absorption accumulation, high concentration of cadmium inhibits the accumulation of cadmium, the cadmium content of 37 parts is positively correlated with the time and concentration of cadmium treatment, the order of cadmium content in each part is the shear mouth of fibrous root The cadmium enrichment coefficient of the main root leaves increased with the treatment time, but decreased with the increase of treatment concentration. The cadmium treatment made the five main saponins in 37: R1, Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd were lower than those in the blank group. In conclusion, low concentration cadmium treatment could stimulate 37 growth and high concentration of cadmium inhibited the growth of 37. Cadmium stress can reduce the accumulation of 37 main effective component saponins, indicating that cadmium affects the quality of 37 medicinal materials and should reduce the content of cadmium in the planting background, in order to ensure the safety and quality of the 37 medicinal materials.2. with the biennial 37 as the experimental material. Under the hydroponic condition, the cadmium stress (0,2.5,5,10 Mu mol. L~ (-1)) and the 37 antioxidant enzyme system are studied. The effect of photosynthetic parameters and the absorption and distribution of 37 cadmium showed that 2.5 mol. L~ (-1) cadmium treatment could induce the increase of SOD, POD, APX and other enzyme activities, and 10 u mol. L~ (-1) cadmium treatment had inhibitory effect on SOD, POD, APX, and SOD; 37 net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate The rate of stomatal conductance decreased with the increase of cadmium concentration, and the concentration of intercellular CO2 decreased first and then increased. 37 the cadmium content in each organ was shown as the stem of the main root of the fibrous root shear. The cadmium enrichment coefficient of the leaves, stems, shears, fibrous roots and main roots decreased with the increase of cadmium concentration, and the cadmium content and migration coefficient in each organ were all along with cadmium. In summary, cadmium stress can affect the 37 antioxidant enzyme system and photosynthetic system. 37 cadmium has a enrichment effect. 37 planting bases should be selected to reduce the absorption of cadmium, and 37 drug sites should be selected to reduce the risk of cadmium uptake by.3. with a biennial 37 as experimental material and through water. 37 pairs of cadmium absorption, transport dynamics, time absorption kinetics and concentration kinetics were studied. The results showed that inhibition of metabolism and inhibition of transpiration could reduce the absorption and transport of cadmium by 37, indicating that 37 cadmium absorption and transport were both active and passive; 0~2 hours at the early stage of the experiment were 37 fast absorption of cadmium. During the period, the absorption rate of cadmium decreased gradually after 2 hours, and then slowed down after 24 hours, and the absorption of cadmium increased with the increase of cadmium concentration. The concentration of 20 mu ml. L~ (-1) in this experiment was not 37 of the threshold.4. of cadmium absorption by 37 year 37 as the material. The nitrate (NO) donor nitrate (NO) donor was studied under hydroponic condition. The effects of sodium (SNP) and scavenger 2-4- carboxybenzyl four methyl imidazonyl ~ (-1) - oxygen -3- oxide (L-NAME) on the physiological and cadmium accumulation of 37 under cadmium stress. The results showed that 50 u mol. L~ (-1) SNP treatment could reduce the superoxide anion, production rate and malondialdehyde content under Cadmium stress (10 mu mol. L~ (-1)) 37; increase 37 The activity of SOD, POD and CAT in the parts (leaves, stems, scissors, roots), promoted the increase of photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content of 37 leaves under cadmium stress. But high concentration SNP treatment (100 mu mol. L~ (-1)) had negative regulation on the above indexes,.SNP treatment could promote the increase of cadmium content and enrichment coefficient of 37 parts, and increased with the increase of treatment concentration. However, SNP had no significant effect on the transfer coefficient of cadmium..L-NAME treatment significantly enhanced the 02. - production rate of superoxide anion and the content of malondialdehyde in 37 of cadmium stress, reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in various parts, and reduced the accumulation of cadmium in each part; the effect effect was enhanced with the increase of the concentration of L-NAME treatment. In summary, NO signal reference And regulation of 37 antioxidant enzyme systems, photosynthetic system and cadmium uptake and storage under cadmium stress.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X173;S567.236

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本文編號(hào)：1886329