本文選題：家蠶絲 + 野桑蠶絲�。� 參考：《西南大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國野蠶資源豐富,是世界上最早利用野蠶資源的國家。野桑蠶是家蠶的祖先種,經(jīng)過長期的自然選擇,形成了不同的地理種群。將家蠶和野桑蠶進行雜交,獲得含有野桑蠶血緣的黃色家蠶絲。琥珀蠶絲具有天然色澤,吸濕性能和力學性能十分優(yōu)異。對纖維資源進行基礎(chǔ)性研究是其得以廣泛應用的重要前提,但目前對野桑蠶資源主要是關(guān)于生物學方面的研究,很少涉及纖維結(jié)構(gòu)與性能方面。琥珀蠶絲由于材料不易獲取,主要是印度在開發(fā)利用。野桑蠶絲和琥珀蠶絲都是珍貴的野蠶絲資源。為更好地開發(fā)利用這些珍貴的綠色資源,本文以家蠶絲、帶有野桑蠶血緣的家蠶絲、野桑蠶絲以及琥珀蠶絲作為研究對象。對比分析了這四種蠶絲的外觀形貌、聚集態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)、熱性能、力學性能。同時還研究了化學試劑處理、熱老化處理對黃色家蠶絲、野桑蠶絲以及琥珀蠶絲的聚集態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)、熱性能、力學性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)琥珀蠶繭形狀不規(guī)則,繅絲困難。桑蠶絲(家蠶絲、黃色家蠶絲及野桑蠶絲)的甘氨酸含量比丙氨酸高,琥珀蠶絲正好相反。家蠶絲的含膠率最高,琥珀蠶絲最低,但吸濕性能優(yōu)異,天然色澤同時存在于絲膠和絲素中。(2)四種蠶絲的聚集態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)都是以β-折疊結(jié)構(gòu)為主,同時還含有α-螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)和無規(guī)卷曲結(jié)構(gòu)。琥珀蠶絲具有草酸鈣晶體吸收峰,這與掃描電鏡觀察的結(jié)果一致。桑蠶絲和琥珀蠶絲的絲蛋白一級結(jié)構(gòu)差異大,相應的晶態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)也不同。其中桑蠶絲具有聚丙-甘氨酸序列吸收峰,琥珀蠶絲具有聚丙氨酸序列吸收峰,結(jié)晶度最高。(3)琥珀蠶絲的熱穩(wěn)定性最好,熱分解溫度為378.4℃。家蠶絲和黃色家蠶絲及野桑蠶絲的熱穩(wěn)定性比較接近,熱降解過程也比較相似。野桑蠶絲最細,琥珀蠶絲最粗。黃色家蠶絲斷裂強度最高,家蠶絲最低。琥珀蠶絲強度高,斷裂伸長率和初始模量最好,表明琥珀蠶絲兼具強而柔韌的特點。(4)隨著酸處理條件的加強,蠶絲的結(jié)晶度先增加后降低。黃色家蠶絲和野桑蠶絲的熱降解溫度先升高后降低,琥珀蠶絲的熱穩(wěn)定性基本不變。酸處理后蠶絲的斷裂強度逐漸降低,斷裂伸長先增加后降低,高溫高濃度強酸對蠶絲力學性能影響極顯著。(5)堿處理后黃色家蠶絲、野桑蠶絲及琥珀蠶絲的結(jié)晶種類未發(fā)生改變,熱穩(wěn)定性大致呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢。隨著處理條件的加強,黃色家蠶絲和野桑蠶絲的結(jié)晶度逐漸降低。堿液濃度和溫度對黃色家蠶絲和野桑蠶絲的強度有極顯著影響。相對于堿液濃度,溫度對琥珀蠶絲的破壞作用更大。(6)氧化劑處理對蠶絲的結(jié)晶度和熱穩(wěn)定性影響較小。處理溫度升高,漂白作用增強。琥珀蠶絲可在60℃下被漂白,黃色家蠶絲和野桑蠶絲要在80℃下才被完全漂白。高溫高濃度氧化劑處理后,黃色家蠶絲和野桑蠶絲的強度保持率在80%以上,琥珀蠶絲在90%以上。(7)鈣鹽處理后,黃色家蠶絲和野桑蠶絲的結(jié)晶度與熱分解溫度都是先升高后降低。琥珀蠶絲的鈣鹽溶失率最小,結(jié)晶結(jié)構(gòu)和熱穩(wěn)定性基本不變。鈣鹽處理時間對琥珀蠶絲的強度影響不顯著,對黃色家蠶絲和野桑蠶絲的斷裂強度和斷裂伸長有極顯著影響。(8)隨著熱處理條件的加強,蠶絲的結(jié)晶度先增加后降低,熱穩(wěn)定性逐漸降低。100℃熱處理對蠶絲的聚集態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)影響較小,150℃熱處理對蠶絲拉伸性能影響極顯著。200℃處理后,黃色家蠶絲和野桑蠶絲的晶態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生顯著變化,結(jié)晶種類減少。熱處理5d后熱降解溫度分別降低20℃和15℃。200℃連續(xù)熱處理使蠶絲脆化和硬化,力學性能無法測試。綜上可知,琥珀蠶絲性能更加優(yōu)異,化學試劑的耐受性和耐熱性能最好,黃色家蠶絲和野桑蠶絲對化學試劑和熱處理的耐受性能基本一致。本研究表明,馴化選擇對桑蠶絲的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能并未產(chǎn)生明顯的影響,而雜交育種對桑蠶絲部分性能具有提高;琥珀蠶絲具有獨特的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能,具有重要的開發(fā)前景。
[Abstract]:The wild silkworm is the first country in the world to use the wild silkworm resources. The wild silkworm is the ancestral species of the silkworm. After a long period of natural selection, different geographical populations have been formed. The silkworm and wild mulberry silkworm are hybridized to obtain the yellow silk silk containing the blood of the wild mulberry silkworm. The amber silk has the natural color, the hygroscopic property and the mechanical property. Very excellent. Basic research on fiber resources is an important prerequisite for its extensive application, but at present, the main resources of the wild silkworm resources are biological research, rarely involved in fiber structure and performance. Amber silk is not easy to obtain, mainly in India. Wild mulberry silk and amber silk are all used. Precious wild silkworm resources. In order to develop and utilize these precious green resources better, the family silkworm silk, family silkworm silk with wild mulberry silkworm, wild mulberry silk and amber silk are studied in this paper. The appearance, aggregation structure, thermal performance and mechanical properties of these four kinds of silk are compared and analyzed, and the chemical reagents are also studied. The effects of heat aging on the aggregation structure, thermal performance and mechanical properties of yellow silk silk, wild mulberry silk and amber silk were studied. The results showed that: (1) the shape of amber cocoon was irregular and silk reeling was difficult. The content of glycine in mulberry silk (silk, yellow silk and wild mulberry silk) was higher than that of alanine, and the silkworm silk was the opposite. Silkworm silkworm silkworm silkworm silkworm The silk has the highest adhesive rate, the amber silk is the lowest, but the hygroscopic property is excellent, the natural color is also in sericin and silk fibroin. (2) the aggregation structure of the four silkworm silk is mainly based on the beta folding structure, and also contains the alpha helix structure and the random curl structure. The silk protein of mulberry silk and amber silk have great difference in the first grade structure, and the corresponding crystal structure is different. The mulberry silk has the polypropyl glycine absorption peak, the amber silk has the polyalanine sequence absorption peak and the highest crystallinity. (3) the thermal stability of amber silk is best, the thermal decomposition temperature is 378.4. The thermal stability of silkworm silk and wild mulberry silk is close, and the thermal degradation process is similar. The silkworm silk is the finest and the amber silk is the thickest. The yellow silk silk silk has the highest breaking strength, the silkworm silk is the lowest. The amber silk strength is high, the elongation and the initial modulus are the best, indicating that the amber silk has the strong and flexible characteristics. (4) along with the acid treatment condition The thermal degradation temperature of the yellow silk and wild mulberry silk was increased first and then decreased, and the thermal stability of the amber silk was basically unchanged. The fracture strength of silk was gradually reduced after acid treatment, the elongation at break first increased and then decreased, and the high temperature and high concentration of strong acid had a very significant effect on the mechanical properties of silk. (5) alkali The crystalline types of the yellow family silkworm silk and the amber silk were not changed, and the thermal stability was generally reduced. With the strengthening of the treatment conditions, the crystallinity of the yellow silk silk and the wild mulberry silk was gradually reduced. The concentration and temperature of the alkaline solution had a significant influence on the strength of the yellow silk silk and the wild mulberry silk. Concentration and temperature have greater damage to the amber silk. (6) the effect of oxidant treatment on the crystallinity and thermal stability of silk is less. The treatment temperature increases and the bleaching effect is enhanced. The amber silk can be bleached at 60 C, yellow silk and wild mulberry silk will be completely bleached at 80 degrees centigrade. After high temperature and high concentration oxidizer treatment, yellow house The strength retention rate of silk and wild mulberry silk is above 80%, and the amber silk is above 90%. (7) after calcium salt treatment, the crystallinity and thermal decomposition temperature of yellow silk and wild mulberry silk are increased first and then decreased. The calcium salt dissolubility of amber silk is the smallest, and the crystalline structure and thermal stability are basically unchanged. The calcium salt treatment time is strong on the amber silk. There is no significant influence on the fracture strength and elongation of the yellow silk silk and the wild mulberry silk. (8) with the strengthening of the heat treatment conditions, the crystallinity of silkworm silk increases first and then decreases, the thermal stability gradually decreases at.100 C and has little influence on the aggregate structure of silk, and the heat treatment at 150 C has a great influence on the tensile properties of silkworm silk. The crystalline structure of Yellow Silkworm Silk and wild mulberry silk was significantly changed after treatment at.200 C, and the type of crystal was reduced. The thermal degradation temperature after 5D was reduced by 20 and 15 C.200 centigrade respectively, the silk crisp and hardened, and the mechanical properties could not be tested. The performance of the yellow silk and wild mulberry silk was the same as that of the chemical reagents and heat treatment. This study showed that the domestication selection had no obvious influence on the structure and performance of mulberry silk, and the hybrid breeding had improved the properties of the mulberry silk, and the amber silk had unique structure and properties. An important development prospect.

【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S881.2

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本文編號：1870826