發(fā)布時間：2018-05-10 12:36

  本文選題：柚類 + 種質(zhì)資源��； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：柚子(Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck),蕓香科柑橘亞科植物,在中國大約有3000多年的栽培歷史,我國作為柑桔的起源與遺傳變異中心,長期以來利用自然資源培育和創(chuàng)造了許多優(yōu)異品種,豐富了柚類的種質(zhì)資源。福建省地處中國東南沿海區(qū)域,其亞熱帶海洋性季風氣候非常適合柚類生長,成為我國柚主產(chǎn)區(qū)省份之一。然而由于柚類型繁多、形態(tài)復(fù)雜、且易發(fā)生芽變,其模糊的遺傳背景在一定程度上阻礙了柚類的育種進程。鑒于此,研究對分布在福建各地的柚類種質(zhì)資源進行分析評價,為柚類的遺傳進化、分類及種質(zhì)資源的開發(fā)利用提供一定的科學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ)。主要研究結(jié)果總結(jié)如下:1.柚子種質(zhì)資源的植物學(xué)特征具有多樣性,樹形呈圓頭形、橢圓形、傘形和不規(guī)則形;樹勢有強、中、弱;葉片形狀有闊橢圓形、長橢圓形、倒卵形;葉尖有急尖、鈍尖、漸尖和倒心形;葉緣有鋸齒狀和近全緣狀;果實形狀有梨形、圓球形、倒卵形;果肉有白肉、紅肉、黃肉等。2.六月柚果實的成熟期相對于其它品種比較早,而臺灣晚矮柚和四川晚矮柚果實的成熟期相對較晚,這可能與柚類本身所具有的特性或者是所處的地理位置有關(guān)。根據(jù)果實的不同成熟期,可以在生產(chǎn)上采取相應(yīng)的措施,加大早熟或晚熟品種的種植比例,以延長早期市場的供應(yīng)期,提高柚產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟效益。3.通過對柚類的化學(xué)成分,如可溶性糖、有機酸、VC、可溶性固形物的含量進行測定,得出45份柚類資源的有機酸的含量分布在0.33%～1.28%;可溶性固形物的含量分布在7.9%～12.1%;可溶性糖含量集中在5.8%～8.9%;維生素C含量集中在13.27mg/100g～53.58mg/100g。并綜合外觀內(nèi)質(zhì)篩選出3份具有優(yōu)異性狀的單株:黃肉蜜柚、紅綿蜜柚、六月柚。4.采集柚子葉片并提取DNA,針對柚類富含的酚類和多糖物質(zhì)采用改良CTAB法。實驗結(jié)果表明,所提取的DNA在濃度和純度上均滿足后續(xù)擴增需求,研究初步建立了柚類的擴增反應(yīng)體系:在終體積為20μL的反應(yīng)體系中,基因組DNA模板為20 ng、dNTPs為0.25 mmol/L、Primer為0.25μmol/L、Taq酶為0.5U、10×Buffer為3μL,其余用ddH20補充。5.從100條引物中篩選出15條引物并對45份柚類種質(zhì)資源進行PCR擴增,共擴增出清晰譜帶159條,其中多態(tài)性譜帶有144條,多態(tài)性比率為90.57%,45份柚類種質(zhì)的相似系數(shù)在0.50～0.92之間。分析結(jié)果充分揭示了福建45份柚類種質(zhì)的遺傳多樣性。為以后更有效率的育種、引種奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。6.對柚類新品種的選育、輻射誘變育種及雜交育種等方面的利用前景做出評價,通過比較,以期可以篩選出一些優(yōu)質(zhì)并適宜在福建周邊地區(qū)種植的品種。
[Abstract]:Citrus grandisus L.Osbeckus, a subfamily of Rutaceae, has been cultivated for more than 3000 years in China. As the center of citrus origin and genetic variation, China has used natural resources for a long time to cultivate and create many excellent varieties. It enriches germplasm resources of pummelo. Fujian Province is located in the southeast coastal area of China, its subtropical oceanic monsoon climate is very suitable for pummelo growth, and has become one of the major provinces of pummelo production in China. However, due to the variety of pomelo types, complex morphology, and prone to sprouts, its fuzzy genetic background hinders the breeding process of pummelo to some extent. In view of this, the germplasm resources of pummelo distributed all over Fujian Province were analyzed and evaluated, which provided a scientific and theoretical basis for the genetic evolution, classification and development of germplasm resources of pummelo. The main results are summarized as follows: 1: 1. The botanical characteristics of grapefruit germplasm resources are diverse. The tree is rounded, elliptic, umbrella and irregular. The tree is strong, medium and weak. The leaf has broad ellipse, long ellipse, obovate, sharp tip and blunt tip. Acuminate and obcordate; blade serrated and subentire; fruit pear-shaped, globose, Obovate; flesh white, red, yellow, etc. The ripening period of June pomelo fruit is earlier than that of other varieties, while that of Taiwan and Sichuan fruit is relatively late, which may be related to the characteristics or geographical location of pummelo. According to the different ripening period of fruit, we can take corresponding measures in production, increase the planting proportion of early or late mature varieties, so as to prolong the supply period of early market and improve the economic benefit of pomelo industry .3. The chemical constituents of grapefruit, such as soluble sugar, organic acid VC and soluble solids, were determined. The results showed that the content of organic acids in 45 grapefruit resources was 0.33 ~ 1.28; the content of soluble solids was 7.90.12. 1; the content of soluble sugar was 8.9. the content of vitamin C was 13.27 mg / 100 mg / 100g. And three single plants with excellent characters were screened out by synthesizing the appearance endoplasm: yellow flesh nectar pomelo red cotton pomelo June pomelo .4. Grapefruit leaves were collected and DNAs were extracted. The modified CTAB method was used to extract phenols and polysaccharides from grapefruit. The results showed that the concentration and purity of the extracted DNA could meet the requirements of subsequent amplification. The amplification reaction system of pummelo was preliminarily established: in the reaction system with final volume of 20 渭 L, The genomic DNA template was 20 ng / L NTPs = 0.25 mmol / L primer = 0.25 渭 mol / L Taq enzyme, 0.5 U / L 10 脳 Buffer = 3 渭 L, and the rest was supplemented with ddH20. Fifteen primers were screened out of 100 primers and 45 pummelo germplasm resources were amplified by PCR. A total of 159 distinct bands were amplified, of which 144 were polymorphic bands, and the similarity coefficient of 45 pummelo germplasm was 90.57 and 0.500.92. The results revealed the genetic diversity of 45 pummelo germplasm in Fujian Province. For the future more efficient breeding, introduction laid a theoretical foundation. 6. The utilization prospects of new varieties of pomelo such as breeding, radiation mutation breeding and hybrid breeding were evaluated. By comparison, some varieties with high quality and suitable for planting in the surrounding areas of Fujian were selected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S666.3

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