本文選題：微型薯 + 氣吸式排種器��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：馬鈴薯是繼水稻、小麥和玉米之后的世界第四大糧食作物。在當(dāng)今生態(tài)環(huán)境不斷惡化、耕地面積逐年減小的情況下,大力促進(jìn)馬鈴薯主糧化,是保證我國糧食安全的重要發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。我國已成為世界馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)第一大國,但卻不是馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)強國,原因之一是我國馬鈴薯主要以切塊薯為種薯,易產(chǎn)生病毒感染;二是我國馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化水平低。隨著微型薯栽培脫毒技術(shù)的提高,馬鈴薯種薯易受到病毒感染的問題得到有效改善,微型薯的需求量也大大提高,但目前我國對于微型薯的種植仍然大多采用人工作業(yè)的方式,人工種植微型薯不僅需要大量的人力成本,而且作物的行距、株距和深淺度不一致,從而影響馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量。本課題針對微型薯等大粒種子不易充種的問題,設(shè)計了一種可振動供種的氣吸圓盤式微型薯排種器,通過理論計算與數(shù)值模擬,確定了其主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),利用離散元法模擬研究振動對于排種器充種性能的影響,為尋求最佳工作參數(shù)組合,采用三因素四水平正交試驗方法,對排種器進(jìn)行排種性能試驗。具體開展的研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)對微型薯的物理機(jī)械特性進(jìn)行了測量試驗:平均長、寬、厚分別為24.1mm、20.5mm 和 18.2mm;含水率為 82.09%;平均粒重 5.57g;密度 1059.89km/m3;與304不銹鋼、有機(jī)玻璃、Q234鋼以及橡膠的靜滑動摩擦角分別為24.5°、29°、28.5°和20°;休止角32.35°。(2)設(shè)計了一種可振動供種的氣吸圓盤式微型薯排種器,介紹了其工作原理,通過理論計算和數(shù)值模擬確定了相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù):排種盤直徑380mm;吸孔直徑13mm;吸孔深度6mm;吸孔數(shù)量8個。(3)利用FLUENT軟件模擬排種器氣室內(nèi)部流場,為風(fēng)機(jī)接口的選取提供參考;通過理論計算和ADAMS軟件對振動參數(shù)進(jìn)行選取。以作業(yè)速度、吸種負(fù)壓和振動頻率為試驗因素進(jìn)行排種性能正交試驗,最終確定最優(yōu)工作參數(shù)組合為作業(yè)速度2.4km/h,振動頻率6.5Hz,吸種負(fù)壓6kPa。在此條件下該排種器的排種合格指數(shù)為94.2,漏播指數(shù)為1.7,重播指數(shù)為4.1,滿足國家精量播種的技術(shù)要求。(4)基于離散元法,利用EDEM軟件進(jìn)行振動頻率和振動幅度對種群擾動影響的仿真分析,得出振動過程中種群運動狀態(tài)在不同振動參數(shù)下的變化趨勢,并進(jìn)行臺架驗證試驗。采用三因素五水平二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗方法,尋求各參數(shù)的最佳區(qū)間組合,在種層高度為70mm,振動頻率為6.5～7.0Hz,振動幅度為20～21mm時,可獲得合格指數(shù)大于95,漏播指數(shù)小于2.5,重播指數(shù)小于2.5,進(jìn)行了驗證試驗,試驗結(jié)果與優(yōu)化結(jié)果基本相符。(5)驗證了所設(shè)計振動供種機(jī)構(gòu)對微型薯造成的破損情況。隨著振動頻率的增加,微型薯破損率呈上升趨勢,但未超過1%,因此,振動供種機(jī)構(gòu)對微型薯的損傷不大。所得結(jié)論可以為微型薯氣吸式精密播種機(jī)械研究的繼續(xù)開展提供理論基礎(chǔ)和參數(shù)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Potatoes are the fourth largest food crop in the world after rice, wheat and corn. With the deterioration of ecological environment and the decrease of cultivated land area, it is an important development strategy to ensure the food security of our country. China has become the largest potato production country in the world, but it is not a powerful potato industry. One of the reasons is that the potato in our country mainly takes cut potato as seed potato, it is easy to produce virus infection, and the mechanization level of potato production in our country is low. With the improvement of virus-free technology of microtuber cultivation, the problem that potato seed potato is susceptible to virus infection has been effectively improved, and the demand for microtuber has been greatly increased. However, at present, the cultivation of microtuber in China is still mostly done by artificial operation. Artificial cultivation of microtubers not only requires a large amount of labor costs, but also the row spacing, plant spacing and depth of the crop are not consistent, thus affecting the yield of potato. Aiming at the difficulty of filling seeds with large seeds such as micro-tubers, a kind of air-sucking disc micro-tuber metering device is designed, which can be used to supply seeds by vibration. The main structural parameters are determined by theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. The effect of vibration on seeding performance of metering device was simulated by discrete element method. In order to find the best combination of working parameters, three factors and four levels orthogonal test method was used to test the seeding performance of metering device. The physical and mechanical properties of microtubers were measured as follows: the average length, width and thickness were 24.1mm 20.5 mm and 18.2mm; the moisture content was 82.09; the average grain weight was 5.57g; the density was 1059.89km / m3; and 304 stainless steel, The static sliding friction angles of organic glass steel Q234 and rubber are 24.5 擄/ 29 擄/ 28.5 擄and 20 擄, respectively, and the angle of repose is 32.35 擄. Through theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, the relevant structural parameters are determined: the diameter of seeding disk is 380 mm, the diameter of suction hole is 13 mm, the depth of suction hole is 6 mm, the number of suction holes is 8 mm, and the flow field in the gas chamber of seeding device is simulated by FLUENT software, which provides a reference for the selection of fan interface. The vibration parameters are selected by theoretical calculation and ADAMS software. The orthogonal experiment of seeding performance was carried out with the operating speed, suction negative pressure and vibration frequency as the test factors. Finally, the optimal working parameters were determined as working speed 2.4 km / h, vibration frequency 6.5 Hz and suction negative pressure 6 KPA. Under this condition, the seed quality index of the metering device is 94.2, the missing seeding index is 1.7, and the replanting index is 4.1, which meets the technical requirements of national precision seeding. The effect of vibration frequency and vibration amplitude on population disturbance is simulated by using EDEM software. The variation trend of population motion under different vibration parameters is obtained, and the experiment is carried out on a bench. By using the method of three factors and five levels quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test, the optimum interval combination of each parameter is obtained. When the height of seed layer is 70mm, the vibration frequency is 6.5Hz7.0Hz and the amplitude of vibration is 20~21mm, The qualification index is greater than 95, the missing seeding index is less than 2.5, and the replanting index is less than 2.5. The test results are in good agreement with the optimized results. With the increase of vibration frequency, the damage rate of microtuber increased, but it was not more than 1. Therefore, the damage of vibratory seed donor to microtuber was not obvious. The conclusion can provide theoretical basis and parameter basis for the research of micro tuber suction precision seeding machine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S223.2

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本文編號：1850052