發(fā)布時間：2018-05-02 14:43

  本文選題：花生 + 軸流式��； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：花生是中國主要的經(jīng)濟作物,2016年我國花生總產(chǎn)量為1.7×103kt,位居世界第一,花生種植面積雖然很大,目前主要依靠人工和小型機械進行分段收獲,作業(yè)成本高且收獲效率低,同時,難以在最佳時期收獲,會使得莢果損失增大、使花生品質(zhì)和種植效益都降低,嚴重限制花生生產(chǎn)與出口。摘果是花生收獲過程中的必經(jīng)且重要環(huán)節(jié),摘果裝置的摘果性能決定了收獲效率和收獲后的花生品質(zhì)。本論文的研究內(nèi)容得到國家自然科學(xué)基金"全喂入花生摘果動態(tài)損傷機理與低損傷摘果機構(gòu)研究"(項目編號:51575367)和國家重點研發(fā)計劃"智能農(nóng)機裝備"重點專項:"智能化油料作物收獲技術(shù)與裝備研發(fā)"(項目編號:2016YFD0702100)的實施,基于對國外花生收獲機械化技術(shù)特別是摘果裝置研究技術(shù)的分析,針對我國花生摘果裝置存在的諸多問題,如:秧蔓纏繞、摘果效率低、莢果破損率高和莢果清潔率差,以及對傳統(tǒng)摘果裝置的深入剖析。研制出螺桿弓齒軸流式花生摘果裝置并進行摘果裝置的試驗研究。不同品種花生植株物理機械特性試驗研究。測量了收獲后的花生植株形狀及在不同晾曬時間的含水率;分析了花生果柄、秧柄、柄果抗拉強度與含水率的關(guān)系,分析了花生秸稈抗剪強度受含水率的影響;測量了花生植株與鋼板、橡膠、塑料表面的摩擦系數(shù)。為花生摘果機構(gòu)的研制奠定基礎(chǔ)。軸流式全喂入花生摘果裝置方案確定。對比分析了全喂入和半喂入花生摘果裝置的總體結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理和摘果效率等特點,為了提高摘凈率和降低破損率,并且設(shè)計出適合我國國情的花生摘果裝置,本文的摘果裝置設(shè)計方案選用全喂入軸流式花生摘果裝置。摘果裝置關(guān)鍵部件設(shè)計。研究花生植株在摘果過程中的受力與運動規(guī)律、合理確定摘果螺桿的螺旋角度取值范圍;設(shè)計并確定了摘果滾筒的長度、直徑、轉(zhuǎn)速的取值范圍、螺桿與滾筒母線的夾角、弓齒的結(jié)構(gòu)和排列、凹板篩的種類和結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸等;以花育30為試驗對象,對花生摘果各摘出物漂浮系數(shù)和漂浮速度的規(guī)律進行研究,對振動篩清選裝置結(jié)構(gòu)與參數(shù)進行設(shè)計�；ㄉb置性能試驗對比分析。通過對花生品種、摘果間隙、喂入量和滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速等影響花生摘果的各因素進行了單因素試驗,結(jié)果表明摘果間隙、喂入量和滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速對摘果裝置摘果性能影響較大,并以此為試驗因素,對雙頭螺桿弓齒式和三頭螺桿弓齒式摘果裝置進行了性能試驗對比分析,并對試驗結(jié)果進行了優(yōu)化和驗證。
[Abstract]:Peanut is the main cash crop in China. In 2016, the total yield of peanut in China was 1.7 脳 10 ~ 3kt, ranking first in the world. Although peanut planting area is very large, at present it mainly depends on manual and small machinery for segmental harvesting, which has high operating cost and low harvesting efficiency. At the same time, It is difficult to harvest in the best period, which will increase the loss of pods, reduce the quality and benefit of peanut planting, and restrict the production and export of peanut seriously. Picking fruit is an essential and important link in peanut harvesting process. The fruit picking performance of the fruit picking device determines the harvest efficiency and the peanut quality after harvest. The research contents of this paper were obtained by the National Natural Science Foundation of China "the Mechanism of dynamic damage of fully fed Peanut Fruit picking and the Research of low damage picking Mechanism" (item No. 51575367) and the key item of the National key R & D Program "Intelligent Agricultural Machinery equipment": " Intelligent Research and Development of Oil crop harvesting Technology and equipment (Project No.: 2016YFD0702100), Based on the analysis of foreign peanut harvesting mechanization technology, especially the research technology of fruit-picking device, this paper aims at the problems existing in the peanut fruit-picking device in China, such as twining seedlings, low picking efficiency, high pods breakage rate and poor pods cleaning rate. And the deep analysis of the traditional fruit picking device. An axial flow peanut fruit picking device with screw bow tooth was developed and the experimental study was carried out. Experimental study on physical and Mechanical Properties of different Peanut varieties. The shape of peanut plant after harvest and the moisture content in different drying time were measured, and the relationship between the tensile strength of peanut stalk, seedling stalk, handle fruit and moisture content was analyzed, and the effect of moisture content on the shearing strength of peanut straw was analyzed. The friction coefficient of peanut with steel, rubber and plastic surfaces was measured. It lays a foundation for the development of peanut fruit picking mechanism. The scheme of axial flow full feeding peanut picking device was determined. The general structure, working principle and fruit picking efficiency of full-fed and semi-fed peanut picking devices were compared and analyzed. In order to increase the picking rate and reduce the damage rate, a peanut picking device suitable for the national conditions of our country was designed. In this paper, the design of the fruit picking device selected the full feed-in-axial flow peanut fruit picking device. Design of key components of Fruit picking device. The stress and motion of peanut plant during fruit picking were studied, and the range of spiral angle of fruit picking screw was reasonably determined, and the length, diameter, rotation speed, angle between screw and roller busbar were designed and determined. The structure and arrangement of arch teeth, the type and size of concave sieve, and so on. Taking Huayuo 30 as experimental object, the floating coefficient and floating speed of peanut fruit picking were studied, and the structure and parameters of cleaning device for vibrating screen were designed. Comparison and Analysis of performance Test of Peanut Fruit picking device. Single factor experiments were carried out on peanut variety, gap, feeding rate and rotary speed of roller. The results showed that the gap of picking, feeding amount and rotational speed of cylinder had a great influence on the performance of fruit picking device. The performance of twin-screw bow gear and three-screw bow tooth picking device was compared and analyzed, and the test results were optimized and verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225.73
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本文編號：1834340