本文選題：病蟲害 + 園林植物　； 參考：《河北工程大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市建設(shè)進(jìn)程的加快,邯鄲市城市園林綠化建設(shè)的步伐也隨之加快。由于綠化過程中引進(jìn)了大量的植物新品種,致使城市內(nèi)原有的植物群落生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了巨大變化,為園林植物病蟲害的發(fā)生提供了有利條件,同時(shí)因?yàn)闅夂虻淖兓⒃耘囵B(yǎng)護(hù)及管理措施不到位等因素,造成園林植物病蟲害的發(fā)生頻率逐年上升。為了摸清邯鄲市園林植物病蟲害的種類、發(fā)生規(guī)律及危害程度,并掌握其科學(xué)的綜合防治技術(shù),以達(dá)到有效地預(yù)防和控制園林病蟲害的發(fā)生和蔓延,提高園林綠化及美化效果,本論文采取實(shí)地普查、重點(diǎn)調(diào)查和取樣調(diào)查三種方法對(duì)邯鄲市園林植物病蟲害的發(fā)生情況進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)調(diào)查研究,并在查閱國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)主要病蟲害的無公害防治技術(shù)進(jìn)行了實(shí)地試驗(yàn),主要結(jié)果如下:1.通過對(duì)邯鄲市區(qū)園林植物病蟲害種類調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)常見的園林植物病蟲害種類92種,其中蟲害59種,病害33種。發(fā)生及危害嚴(yán)重的病害有紫薇白粉病、紫薇煤污病、大葉黃楊白粉病、碧桃流膠病、雪松針枯病5種;發(fā)生及危害嚴(yán)重的蟲害有月季長(zhǎng)管蚜、朝鮮球堅(jiān)蚧、紫薇絨蚧、光肩星天牛、欒多態(tài)毛蚜、紅蜘蛛、月季切葉蜂、洋白蠟卷葉綿蚜、蠐螬9種。2.對(duì)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的大葉黃楊白粉病、紫薇煤污病、欒多態(tài)毛蚜、光肩星天牛、蠐螬等14種病蟲害的實(shí)地發(fā)生條件、發(fā)生規(guī)律及管理現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)調(diào)查,分析歸納出了在當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)生的誘因、發(fā)生規(guī)律、防預(yù)的最佳時(shí)間和防治措施。3.在本市首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了洋白蠟卷葉綿蚜的侵入,并對(duì)其發(fā)生地點(diǎn)及危害狀況進(jìn)行了及時(shí)掌控。其鑒別特征:個(gè)體較小,體被白色蠟絲,在洋白蠟上的無翅和有翅孤雌蚜體長(zhǎng)不超過3 mm,多短于2.1 mm,以無翅蚜占多數(shù);被危害后洋白蠟樹卷葉或下垂,明顯影響景觀效果。洋白蠟卷葉綿蚜生長(zhǎng)迅速、繁殖量大、數(shù)量多,一旦發(fā)生危害嚴(yán)重。4.對(duì)大葉黃楊白粉病、蚜蟲主要病蟲害進(jìn)行了無公害防治研究。結(jié)果表明:70%劑型代森錳鋅可以很好地防治大葉黃楊白粉病;黃板誘集蚜蟲可以有效地延緩蟲害發(fā)生期5-10天;高效低毒農(nóng)藥的篩選得出吡蟲啉在快速治理蚜蟲中見效最快;新型生物農(nóng)藥中保驕藍(lán)0.5%苦參堿水劑在蚜蟲長(zhǎng)效防治上取得較好的防治效果。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urban construction, the pace of urban landscaping construction in Handan City is also accelerated. Due to the introduction of a large number of new plant varieties in the course of greening, the ecological structure of the original plant communities in the city has undergone tremendous changes, which has provided favorable conditions for the occurrence of plant diseases and pests in the garden, and at the same time, because of the change of climate, The frequency of plant diseases and insect pests increased year by year. In order to find out the species, occurrence regularity and harm degree of plant diseases and insect pests in Handan city, and master the scientific comprehensive prevention and control technology, we can effectively prevent and control the occurrence and spread of garden diseases and insect pests, and improve the effect of landscaping and landscaping. In this paper, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in Handan is investigated in detail by three methods: field survey, focus investigation and sampling investigation, and on the basis of consulting the relevant literature at home and abroad, the paper makes a detailed investigation and research on the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in Handan City. The field test of pollution free control technology of main diseases and insect pests was carried out, and the main results were as follows: 1. Based on the investigation of plant diseases and pests in Handan city, 92 kinds of plant diseases and insect pests were found, including 59 species of pests and 33 species of diseases. Among the diseases that occur and cause serious harm are powdery mildew, coal stain, powdery mildew of Populus davidifolia, Prunus myrrhidis, pine-needle blight, and insect pests that cause and cause serious damage, such as the aphid of the long tube of the Chinese rose, the scale of Korea, and the scale of the verdant of the lilac. C. auriculata, Luan Luan polymorphic hair aphid, red spider, cut leaf wasp of rose, aphid, 9 species of grubs. The occurrence conditions, occurrence rules and management status of 14 diseases and insect pests, such as severe powdery mildew of Populus grandiflorum, coal stain of Lagerstroemia chinensis, polymorphic hair aphid, Anoeophora auriculata and grub, were investigated in detail. The inducement, occurrence law, the best time of prevention and control measures. 3. It was the first time in this city to find the invasion of Myzus mandshurica, and to control its occurrence location and hazard situation in a timely manner. The identification characteristics were as follows: the individual was small, the body was covered with white wax filaments, the length of wingless and winged parthenogenetic aphids was less than 3 mm, more than 2.1 mm, and the wingless aphids were the majority. The APHIS mandshurica grew rapidly, its reproduction amount was large and the number was much, once it occurred, the harm was serious. 4. Pollution-free control of powdery mildew and aphid was studied. The results showed that 70% mancozeb could effectively control powdery mildew of Populus japonicus, the aphids induced by yellow board could effectively delay the occurrence of insect pests for 5-10 days, and the screening of high efficiency and low toxicity pesticides showed that imidacloprid was the most effective in the rapid control of aphids. A new biological pesticide, Baojiao blue 0.5% matrine, has been used to control aphids for a long time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S436.8

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