本文選題：生態(tài)因子 + 黃芪甲苷　； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃芪為豆科黃芪屬,多年生草本植物,作為一味大宗藥材,常以蒙古黃芪[Astragalusmembranaceus(Fisch.)var.mongholicus(Bunge)P.K.Hsiao]和膜莢黃芪[Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge]的干燥根入藥,需求量大,目前主要通過人工種植的方式滿足市場需求。黃芪主產(chǎn)區(qū)為內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)、山西省和甘肅省等我國北方干旱和半干旱地區(qū)。黃芪品質(zhì)的差異主要由遺傳和環(huán)境因素共同影響。為了解黃芪有效成分與生態(tài)因子的關(guān)系,我們收集不同產(chǎn)地2年生蒙古黃芪根和土壤樣品,通過中國氣象局收集8個(gè)地區(qū)1981-2010年30年間年均溫、活動積溫、年降水量、年日照等的平均值,測定黃芪有效成分和土壤養(yǎng)分含量,綜合評價(jià)影響黃芪有效成分積累的生態(tài)因子。同時(shí)采用盆栽法模擬干旱處理,研究水分脅迫對黃芪生理狀態(tài)及其根、莖、葉中毛蕊異黃酮、毛蕊異黃酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素和芒柄花苷4種黃酮類化合物含量的影響。研究結(jié)果如下:1.不同產(chǎn)地蒙古黃芪毛蕊異黃酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊異黃酮、黃芪甲苷、黃芪皂苷Ⅲ和黃芪皂苷Ⅰ含量具有差異性,且毛蕊異黃酮葡萄糖苷和黃芪甲苷含量均高于藥典規(guī)定的指標(biāo)含量。綜合比較發(fā)現(xiàn),內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)豐鎮(zhèn)市、武川縣、固陽縣和山西省渾源縣所產(chǎn)的蒙古黃芪品質(zhì)較好。2.通過對黃芪有效成分與氣候因子的相關(guān)性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),年降水量、年日照時(shí)數(shù)、年均溫、緯度對蒙古黃芪有效成分積累具有一定的影響。黃芪黃酮類成分含量與年降水量和年均溫呈負(fù)相關(guān),與年日照時(shí)數(shù)、緯度呈正相關(guān);皂苷類成分年均溫、活動積溫呈負(fù)相關(guān),與年降水量呈正相關(guān)。3.黃芪有效成分與土壤養(yǎng)分中有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、全磷、速效氮和速效磷呈負(fù)相關(guān),而與速效鉀、pH和可溶性鹽含量呈正相關(guān),提示在今后蒙古黃芪生產(chǎn)種植中應(yīng)注意控制施氮肥和磷肥的施用量來提升黃芪品質(zhì)。4.膜莢黃芪和蒙古黃芪幼苗中毛蕊異黃酮葡萄糖苷和毛蕊異黃酮含量存在差異。膜莢黃芪幼苗莖和葉中毛蕊異黃酮葡萄糖苷積累要多于根,蒙古黃芪則是根、莖和葉無顯著差異。而且在3年生蒙古黃芪中,不同器官的毛蕊異黃酮葡萄糖苷含量表現(xiàn)為根葉莖,而毛蕊異黃酮含量則是葉莖根。推測這可能是由合成代謝中的相關(guān)基因調(diào)控和黃酮類物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)導(dǎo)致的。同時(shí),莖和葉中黃酮類含量較高,為黃芪資源的綜合利用提供理論依據(jù)。5.適度的干旱脅迫能夠促進(jìn)黃芪毛蕊異黃酮葡萄糖苷的積累,過度干旱脅迫則不利于其積累。此外,蒙古黃芪對干旱的適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),適于在我國干旱和非干旱地區(qū)種植。
[Abstract]:Astragalus membranaceus is a perennial herb of Leguminosae. As a large amount of medicinal materials, the dried roots of Astragalus mongolicus [Astragalusmembranaceus(Fisch.)var.mongholicus(Bunge)P.K.Hsiao] and Astragalus membranaceus [Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge] are often used as medicine. The main producing areas of Astragalus are Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, Shanxi Province and Gansu Province. The quality difference of Astragalus membranaceus was mainly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In order to understand the relationship between the active components of Astragalus membranaceus and ecological factors, we collected the root and soil samples of 2-year-old Astragalus mongolicus from different habitats. Through the China Meteorological Administration, we collected the annual average temperature, accumulated temperature and annual precipitation from 1981 to 2010 in 8 regions. The average value of annual sunshine was used to determine the effective components of Astragalus membranaceus and the content of soil nutrients, and the ecological factors affecting the accumulation of active components of Astragalus membranaceus were comprehensively evaluated. The effects of water stress on the physiological state of Astragalus membranaceus and the contents of isoflavones in roots, stems and leaves, glucoside of isoflavone, glucoside of Acanthophorin and anthocyanin of Astragalus membranaceus were studied by pot experiment. The results are as follows: 1. The contents of isoflavone glucoside, anthocyanin, isoflavone, astragaloside A, Astragaloside 鈪，

本文編號：1817400