本文選題：玉米 + 產(chǎn)量��； 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：通過田間裂區(qū)試驗(yàn),研究不同灌水量(1800m~3/hm~2(W1)、2700m~3/hm~2(W2)、3600m~3/hm~2(W3))和施氮量(0kg/hm~2(N0)、100kg/hm~2(N1)、200kg/hm~2(N2)、300kg/hm~2(N3))對(duì)膜下滴灌玉米干物質(zhì)積累與分配、生育期光合特性、水氮利用效率、土壤硝態(tài)氮含量及產(chǎn)量的影響。1.隨著灌水量的增加,玉米耗水量呈上升趨勢(shì),而玉米水分利用效率呈下降趨勢(shì)。氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)效率及氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力隨著施氮量的增加而減小,表現(xiàn)為N300N200N100。當(dāng)灌水量大于2700m~3/hm~2、施氮量大于200kg/hm~2時(shí),產(chǎn)量不在增加,反而呈下降趨勢(shì)。因此,在本試驗(yàn)條件下,從建立資源節(jié)約型環(huán)境友好型農(nóng)業(yè)方面考慮,推薦最佳灌水量為2700m~3/hm~2,施氮量為200kg/hm~2。2.玉米單株葉面積隨著施氮量與灌水量的增加而增大,施氮和灌水均會(huì)影響玉米葉片生長(zhǎng),處理W3N3、W3N2、W2N3和W2N2表現(xiàn)出較高的葉面積。施氮和灌水可以顯著增加玉米的干物質(zhì)積累量,且施氮處理較不施氮處理、中高灌水處理較低灌水處理均表現(xiàn)出顯著的差異性,且干物質(zhì)積累的主要部位隨著玉米生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育而不同。在整個(gè)生育期,玉米在不同施肥及灌水處理?xiàng)l件下均是拔節(jié)期植株全氮含量最高,隨著生育期的推進(jìn),高灌水處理W3和低灌水處理W1的葉片全氮含量出現(xiàn)“降-升-降”變化趨勢(shì),灌漿中期到成熟期葉片全氮含量降幅最高,全氮含量達(dá)到最小值,而玉米莖全氮含量變化趨勢(shì)為隨著生育時(shí)期的推進(jìn)而呈直線式下降。3.玉米葉片SPAD值隨著灌水量的增加而增大,表現(xiàn)為W3W2W1,在同一灌水定額條件下,玉米葉片SPAD值隨施氮量的增加而增大,從田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果及顯著性檢驗(yàn)看出,水氮互作對(duì)膜下滴灌玉米不同生育時(shí)期葉片葉綠素含量無顯著影響。在玉米不同生育時(shí)期,施氮、灌水和水氮互作均能影響玉米光合特性,在同一灌水條件下,施氮可以提高葉綠素含量、葉片凈光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度和蒸騰速率,且施氮處理顯著高于不施氮處理(P0.05),施氮處理間差異性不顯著,表現(xiàn)為N3N2N1N0。在同一施氮量條件下,灌水可以提高葉綠素含量、葉片凈光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度和蒸騰速率,表現(xiàn)為W3W2W1。在水氮互作條件下,處理W2N2、W3N2和W3N3凈光合速率表現(xiàn)較好。4.水氮互作對(duì)膜下滴灌玉米0-100cm土層土壤硝態(tài)氮積累影響顯著。在玉米全生育期,不同施肥及灌水處理下,均是高氮處理N3土壤硝態(tài)氮的累積量最高。在不同灌水處理?xiàng)l件下,低灌水量W1處理土壤硝態(tài)氮累積峰值在40-60cm處,中灌水量W2處理土壤硝態(tài)氮累積峰值在60-80cm處,高灌水量W3處理土壤硝態(tài)氮累積峰值在80-100cm處。施氮影響0-100cm土層土壤硝態(tài)氮的累積量,灌水則影響土壤硝態(tài)氮的淋溶深度,施氮和灌水共同影響土壤硝態(tài)氮的累積。
[Abstract]:Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different irrigation amounts on dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthesis characteristics, water use efficiency, soil N content and yield of maize under drip irrigation with different irrigation amounts of 1800mg / 3hmn-1 / 2700mg / 2700mg / 3 / 3 and N / 0 / 100kg / 100kghmm2N1 / 100 kg / 100kghmm2N ~ (2 +) / N ~ (2 +) / N ~ (2 +), respectively, on dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic characteristics at growth stage, water and nitrogen use efficiency, soil state content and yield of maize under drip irrigation under film. The effects of different irrigation rates on dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic characteristics, water and nitrogen use efficiency, soil state content and yield were studied in a field experiment with different irrigation amounts (100 kg 路hm ~ (-2) N ~ (2) 路h ~ (-1) N ~ (2 +) 路N ~ (-1). With the increase of irrigation amount, the water consumption of maize increased and the water use efficiency of maize decreased. The agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, which was shown as N300N200N100. When the irrigation amount was more than 2700mg / hm ~ 2 and the nitrogen application rate was more than 200 kg / hm ~ 2, the yield did not increase, but decreased. Therefore, considering the establishment of resource-conserving and environment-friendly agriculture, the best irrigation amount is 2700mng / hmc2and the nitrogen application amount is 200kghmmc2.2in this experiment. The leaf area per plant increased with the increase of nitrogen application and irrigation amount. Both nitrogen application and irrigation could affect the growth of maize leaves, and the treatments W3N3 and W3N2W2N3 and W2N2 showed higher leaf area. Nitrogen application and irrigation could significantly increase dry matter accumulation of maize, and nitrogen treatment showed significant difference compared with no nitrogen application treatment, middle and high irrigation treatment and low irrigation treatment. The main parts of dry matter accumulation were different with maize growth and development. During the whole growth period, maize had the highest total nitrogen content in jointing stage under different fertilization and irrigation treatments. The total nitrogen content of leaves of high irrigation treatment W3 and low irrigation treatment W1 showed a trend of "down-rise-descending", the decrease of leaf total nitrogen content was the highest from the middle filling stage to the mature stage, and the total nitrogen content reached the minimum value. The change trend of total nitrogen content of maize stem is that with the development of growth period, the total nitrogen content decreases in a straight-line manner. 3. The SPAD value of maize leaf increased with the increase of irrigation amount, which was manifested as W3W2W1. Under the same irrigation quota, the SPAD value of maize leaf increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Water and nitrogen interaction had no significant effect on chlorophyll content in leaves of drip irrigation maize at different growth stages. Under the same irrigation condition, nitrogen application could increase chlorophyll content, leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. The difference of N application treatment was higher than that of no N application treatment P 0.05, and the difference between N application treatment and N application treatment was not significant, showing that N 3N 2N 1N 0. Under the same nitrogen application rate, irrigation could increase chlorophyll content, leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, which showed W3W2W1. Under the interaction of water and nitrogen, the net photosynthetic rate of W2N2W3N2 and W3N3 was better. 4. The effects of water and nitrogen interaction on nitrate accumulation in 0-100cm soil layer of drip irrigation maize under film were significant. In the whole growth period of maize, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in N _ 3 soil was the highest under different fertilization and irrigation treatments. Under different irrigation conditions, the peak value of nitrate accumulation in low irrigation W1 treatment was at 40-60cm, in middle irrigation W2 treatment soil nitrate accumulation peak was at 60-80cm, and in high irrigation W3 treatment soil nitrate accumulation peak was at 80-100cm. Nitrogen application affected the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in 0-100cm soil layer, irrigation affected the leaching depth of soil nitrate nitrogen, and nitrogen application and irrigation affected the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S513

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本文編號(hào)：1814401