本文選題：野杏 + 引種適應(yīng)性��； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：野杏(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.var.ansu(Maxim.)Yu et Lu)是薔薇科李亞科杏屬植物,在我國(guó)河北、山西、寧夏、甘肅等省普遍野生。野杏生態(tài)價(jià)值高,是干旱、半干旱地區(qū)優(yōu)良的造林、綠化樹種。野杏杏仁營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富,用途廣泛。野杏種質(zhì)資源豐富,具有較高的優(yōu)種選育潛力,適合在遼寧地區(qū)引種推廣。本研究在前期山杏種質(zhì)資源調(diào)查、收集和苗期觀測(cè)基礎(chǔ)上,全面調(diào)查研究了引種野杏不同立地條件栽培生長(zhǎng)差異、野杏抗寒生理特性和優(yōu)樹遺傳測(cè)定,綜合考察其在遼寧喀左地區(qū)的適應(yīng)能力,為野杏的大規(guī)模栽培提供理論和實(shí)踐依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:野杏適應(yīng)力強(qiáng),將西北地區(qū)野杏引種到喀左的成功概率大。種源地與引種地之間極端高溫、極端低溫差異明顯,故溫度是引種的主要限制因素。上腹、半陽(yáng)坡、厚土層最適宜野杏生長(zhǎng)。在相同立地條件下,野杏的生長(zhǎng)情況要優(yōu)于本地山杏。野杏枝條的相對(duì)電導(dǎo)率隨著處理溫度降低而增加;CAT酶活性的變化趨勢(shì)大致為"升-降-升-降";POD酶活性的變化趨勢(shì)大致為"升-降";可溶性糖含量在-35℃時(shí)達(dá)到高峰;游離脯氨酸含量在-35℃達(dá)到高峰;丙二醛含量呈"升-降"的趨勢(shì)。三個(gè)樣品抗寒能力排序?yàn)?Y2S1Y1。引種野杏家系質(zhì)量性狀的頻度分布與無(wú)性系相近:小枝顏色以紅褐色為主,果枝類型以中果枝為主,葉片形狀以卵圓形為主,葉基形狀以楔形為主,葉尖形狀以漸尖為主,葉表、葉背多被毛,枝干類型以密生枝刺為主,核粘離性以離核為主,果實(shí)口感以澀味為主,果實(shí)形狀以扁長(zhǎng)圓形為主,果皮顏色以黃色為主,果肉干燥程度以少汁為主,核仁味道以苦為主。引種野杏無(wú)性系數(shù)量性狀變異系數(shù)除核寬、核厚、仁寬外,其余各性狀均達(dá)11%以上,最高為冠幅,達(dá)65%;家系數(shù)量性狀變異系數(shù)除核厚、仁厚外,其余各性狀均達(dá)12%以上,最高是小枝長(zhǎng)度,達(dá)到70%。說明野杏家系、無(wú)性系種質(zhì)資源豐富,選育優(yōu)良品種的潛力大。野杏無(wú)性系各性狀差異達(dá)到極顯著水平(p0.01)。野杏果實(shí)、核、仁性狀重復(fù)力較高,為0.83～0.99;嫩枝、葉片、葉柄為0.72～0.93;主枝基角、冠幅、樹高重復(fù)力為0.46～0.50;干徑重復(fù)力最低,為0.27。野杏家系苗高、主枝基角性狀差異達(dá)到顯著水平(p0.05),其余性狀差異達(dá)到極顯著水平(p0.01)。家系遺傳力最高的指標(biāo)為單果重,達(dá)0.96;最低為核殼厚度0.16;各性狀單株遺傳力最大為小枝粗度,達(dá)0.88;最小為主枝基角0.06。
[Abstract]:Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.var.ansu(Maxim.)Yu et Lu) is a genus of Apricot of Rosaceae, which is widely wild in Hebei, Shanxi, Ningxia and Gansu provinces. Wild apricot has high ecological value and is an excellent afforestation and greening tree species in arid and semi-arid areas. Wild apricot almonds are rich in nutrition and widely used. Wild apricot is rich in germplasm resources and has high breeding potential. On the basis of the investigation of germplasm resources, collection and observation of seedling stage in the early stage of apricot, the growth difference of introduced wild apricot under different site conditions, the physiological characteristics of cold resistance and the genetic analysis of superior tree were studied. The adaptability of wild apricot in Kazuo area of Liaoning province was investigated comprehensively to provide theoretical and practical basis for large-scale cultivation of wild apricot. The main results are as follows: the adaptability of wild apricot is strong, and the success probability of introducing wild apricot to Kazuo in northwest region is great. The difference of extreme high temperature and extreme low temperature between provenance land and introduced land is obvious, so temperature is the main limiting factor of introduction. Upper abdomen, half-sunny slope, thick soil layer is the most suitable for wild apricot growth. Under the same site condition, the growth of wild apricot was better than that of native apricot. The relative conductivity of wild apricot branches increased with the decrease of treatment temperature. The change trend of POD activity was about "rise-down-descending", and the content of soluble sugar reached its peak at -35 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1814636