本文選題：增加降水 + 放牧��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：降水和放牧是驅(qū)動(dòng)草原蝗蟲發(fā)生的重要因素,但其如何發(fā)揮作用尚存在大量爭論。本文研究放牧和季節(jié)性降水增加的耦合效應(yīng)通過改變棲息環(huán)境中食料植物的養(yǎng)分含量來驅(qū)動(dòng)草原蝗蟲災(zāi)害發(fā)生的生理與生態(tài)學(xué)機(jī)理。通過野外樣地設(shè)置放牧和季節(jié)性增加降水處理,利用室外籠罩和室內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)的方法研究不同物候期的優(yōu)勢種蝗蟲(早期種:毛足棒角蝗Dasyhippus barbipes,中期種:亞洲小車蝗Oedaleus asiaticus,晚期種:狹翅雛蝗Chorthippus dubius)對(duì)羊草(Leymus chinensis)和克氏針茅(Stipa krylovii)在不同放牧和降水處理下的適合度響應(yīng),來分析草原降雨量變化和放牧耦合對(duì)草原蝗蟲發(fā)生程度的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:1.放牧顯著地(p0.05)降低春季羊草葉片中可溶性糖態(tài)C%和可利用C%的含量,但對(duì)淀粉態(tài)C%和總C%的含量無顯著影響;極顯著地增加氨基酸態(tài)N%、可利用N%和總N%含量,但對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)態(tài)的N%無影響;顯著降低可利用C%:N%的比值。降水的作用在放牧和不放牧間有波動(dòng),對(duì)可溶性糖態(tài)C%和氨基酸態(tài)N%有降低的趨勢,但沒有達(dá)到顯著水平。放牧?xí)@著地(p0.05)降低毛足棒角蝗室內(nèi)雌蟲五齡到成蟲的死亡率,縮短發(fā)育歷期,增加生長速率,增加成蟲體重。降水對(duì)該蝗蟲的影響,均不顯著(p0.05)。2.放牧顯著地(p0.05)降低夏季克氏針茅葉片中可利用C%的含量和淀粉態(tài)C%,但對(duì)總C%的含量是顯著增加(p0.05);顯著地增加氨基酸態(tài)N%和總N%含量,但對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)態(tài)的N%無影響;顯著降低總C%:N%的比值。降水的作用在放牧和不放牧間有波動(dòng),但沒有達(dá)到顯著水平。放牧?xí)@著地(p0.05)增加亞洲小車蝗室內(nèi)成蟲體重和室外發(fā)育進(jìn)度,對(duì)室內(nèi)雌蟲五齡到成蟲有降低死亡率,縮短發(fā)育歷期,增加生長速率,但差異不顯著。降水顯著降低該蝗蟲室外發(fā)育進(jìn)度。3.放牧對(duì)秋季羊草葉片中可溶性糖態(tài)C%含量有降低趨勢,但不顯著,對(duì)淀粉態(tài)C%和總C%的含量也無顯著影響;放牧顯著地降低總N%含量,但對(duì)氨基酸態(tài)N%、可利用N%和蛋白質(zhì)態(tài)的N%無顯著影響;放牧顯著增加可利用C%:N%的比值。降水顯著降低秋季羊草的總N%含量,顯著增加總C%:N%。放牧?xí)@著地(p0.05)降低狹翅雛蝗室內(nèi)雌蟲五齡到成蟲的死亡率,縮短發(fā)育歷期,增加生長速率,增加成蟲體重。降水對(duì)該蝗蟲的影響,均不顯著(p0.05)。
[Abstract]:Precipitation and grazing are important factors driving the occurrence of grasshopper in grassland, but there is still much debate about how to play its role. In this paper, the coupling effect of grazing and seasonal precipitation is studied to drive the physiological and ecological mechanism of grasshopper disaster in grassland by changing the nutrient content of forage plants in the habitat. In the field, grazing and seasonal precipitation increase were set up. Studies on the dominant species locust (early species: Dasyhippus Barbipesae, intermediate species: Oedaleus asiaticuss, late species: Chorthippus dubius) and Stipa kruccini (Leymus chinensis) in different phenological stages were studied by outdoor shroud and indoor rearing. The suitability response of Stipa krylovii under different grazing and precipitation treatments, To analyze the effect of rainfall variation and grazing coupling on the occurrence of grasshopper in grassland. The results of the study show that 1: 1. The contents of soluble sugar C% and available C% in leaves of Leymus chinensis were significantly decreased by grazing (p 0.05), but the contents of starch C% and total C% were not significantly affected, and the contents of amino acid N% and total N% were increased significantly. But it had no effect on the N% of protein state, and significantly decreased the ratio of C: n%. The effect of precipitation was fluctuating between grazing and non-grazing, but it had a tendency to decrease soluble sugar C% and amino acid N%, but it did not reach the significant level. Grazing could significantly reduce the mortality of female from the fifth instar to the adult, shorten the development period, increase the growth rate and increase the body weight of the adult. The effect of precipitation on this locust was not significant (p 0.05. 2). Grazing significantly decreased the available C% and starch content in leaves of Stipa krjabini in summer, but significantly increased the content of total C%, increased the contents of amino acid N% and total N%, but had no effect on protein N%. The ratio of total C% to N% was significantly reduced. The effect of precipitation fluctuates between grazing and non-grazing, but it does not reach the significant level. Grazing could significantly increase the body weight of indoor adults and the progress of outdoor development, reduce the mortality, shorten the development period and increase the growth rate of female from the fifth instar to the adult, but the difference was not significant. Precipitation significantly reduced the outdoor development progress of the locust. 3. Grazing decreased the content of soluble sugar C% in leaves of Leymus chinensis in autumn, but had no significant effect on the contents of starch C% and total C%, while grazing significantly decreased the content of total N%. However, there was no significant effect on amino acid N% and protein N%, while grazing significantly increased the ratio of C: n% to C: n%. Precipitation significantly decreased the total N% content of Leymus chinensis in autumn and increased the total N% content significantly. Grazing could significantly reduce the mortality of females from the fifth instar to the adult stage, shorten the development period, increase the growth rate and increase the body weight of the adults. The effect of precipitation on this locust was not significant (p 0.05).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812.6

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