本文選題：中華絨螯蟹 + 亞硝酸鹽��； 參考：《華東師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中華絨螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)是我國重要的經(jīng)濟型甲殼動物,隨著集約化、規(guī)�；斯ゐB(yǎng)殖模式的推廣,河蟹養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)得到了迅猛的發(fā)展。然而水環(huán)境污染導致河蟹生長減慢、病害頻繁發(fā)生,養(yǎng)殖效益顯著下降,嚴重阻礙了河蟹養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。為此,尋求消除或者緩解環(huán)境脅迫影響的途徑成為當前河蟹產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個重要課題。本文研究在環(huán)境脅迫下,飼料中補充重要無機鹽鎂、硒和蝦青素對中華絨螯蟹幼蟹生長性能、抗氧化和感染能力的影響,以期為補充中華絨螯蟹的營養(yǎng)生理資料、完善人工配方和飼料研制提供參考。主要的研究結(jié)果和結(jié)論如下:1亞硝酸鹽脅迫下飼料補充鎂對中華絨螯蟹幼蟹生長、抗氧化性能的影響本實驗以純化飼料為基礎飼料,在基礎飼料上添加不同濃度鎂(以L-天門冬氨酸鎂形式分別添加0、5、10 g/kg)配置成三種不同實驗飼料,在亞硝酸鹽濃度為0和1.0mg/L兩種不同水環(huán)境下,選擇初始體重為(3.15±0.02g)的中華絨螯蟹幼蟹,飼養(yǎng)8周,探究飼料補充添加鎂對緩解亞硝酸鹽脅迫的不良影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)在水體亞硝酸鹽脅迫下,未補充添加鎂處理組增重率最低,隨著添加鎂含量的增多,增重率呈上升趨勢,飼料補充鎂10 g/kg處理組獲得了最高的增重率,但各組之間沒有顯著差異(P0.05)。未添加鎂處理組的存活率顯著低于正常水體下未添加鎂組(P0.05),且隨著鎂的添加,存活率呈升高趨勢。同樣的,飼料系數(shù)最高值也出現(xiàn)在未補充鎂組,飼料補充鎂5 g/kg和10 g/kg處理組飼料系數(shù)顯著降低(P0.05)。(2)體成分分析發(fā)現(xiàn),和對照組相比,水分含量各處理組之間沒有顯著差異(P0.05)。未添加鎂處理組粗脂肪和粗蛋白顯著降低(P0.05),當飼料補充鎂5g/kg和10g/kg后,粗蛋白和粗脂肪均顯著升高(P0.05),并與對照組無顯著差異(P0.05)。(3)血清中SOD活力在脅迫下出現(xiàn)了升高趨勢,添加鎂10 g/kg處理組組顯著高于未脅迫下各組(P0.05),MDA含量在未添加鎂處理組達到最高值,顯著高于其他各組(P0.05)。肝胰腺中SOD各組之間沒有顯著差異,脅迫下MDA含量顯著增加(P0.05),且隨著飼料鎂添加量的增加呈顯著下降趨勢(P0.05)。結(jié)果表明:在亞硝酸鹽脅迫下幼蟹增重率、存活率、飼料利用和抗氧化性能都受到顯著的抑制作用,飼料補充添加鎂可以顯著提高幼蟹存活率,增強機體抗氧化能力,有效的緩解環(huán)境亞硝酸鹽所帶來的不利影響,保證幼蟹的健康生長,建議飼料中添加量為10 g/kg。2亞硝酸鹽脅迫下飼料補充硒對中華絨螯蟹幼蟹生長、抗氧化和非特異性免疫的影響性能以實用飼料為基礎飼料,分別添加硒0、0.5、和1.0 mg/kg,配置3組實驗飼料,在兩種不同亞硝酸鹽濃度(0、2.0 mg/L)水體條件下,投喂初始體重為(2.19±0.05)g的中華絨螯蟹幼蟹,試驗為期8周。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)各組之間增重率和存活率均沒有顯著差異(P0.05),亞硝酸鹽脅迫下隨著硒添加量的增加,蟹的增重率有升高趨勢。和對照組(正常水體飼喂基礎飼料組)相比,未補充添加硒處理組的飼料系數(shù)顯著升高(P0.05),達到最高值,當飼料補充添加硒1.0mg/kg后,飼料系數(shù)顯著降低(P0.05),且與對照組無顯著差異(P0.05)。(2)和對照組相比,脅迫下未添加硒處理組血清和肝胰腺中SOD活力均顯著降低(P0.05),補充添加硒0.5 mg/kg處理組達最高值,且顯著高于其他各組(P0.05)。幼蟹血清和肝胰腺中MDA含量均顯著升高(P0.05),隨著飼料中硒添加量的增加,呈顯著下降趨勢(P0.05)。和對照組相比,血清中GPX沒有顯著差異(P0.05),肝胰腺中顯著提高(P0.05),補充添加硒0.5mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg處理組血清和肝胰腺中GPX均顯著高于其他各組(P0.05)。(3)脅迫下幼蟹血細胞總數(shù)和耗氧率呈下降趨勢,但沒有顯著差異(P0.05),補充添加硒0.5mg/kg處理組,血細胞總數(shù)顯著增加(P0.05)。血清中LZM、ACP和AKP均顯著降低(P0.05),補充添加硒0.5mg/kg和1.0mg/kg后,除AKP均顯著升高(P0.05)。結(jié)果提示,養(yǎng)殖水體中亞硝酸鹽濃度過高會對河蟹幼蟹生長、抗氧化性能和非特異性免疫力產(chǎn)生較大的負面影響,飼料中補充添加適量的硒可以改善幼蟹生長性能,提高機體抗氧化能力和非特異性免疫相關酶活,緩解環(huán)境亞硝酸鹽帶來的不利影響。3高pH脅迫下飼料蝦青素和硒對中華絨螯蟹幼蟹生長、抗氧化能力和非特異性免疫性能的影響本實驗在實用飼料中分別添加蝦青素和硒,制成蝦青素和硒含量分別為0、0mg/kg;120、0mg/kg;0、0.9mg/kg;和 120、0.9mg/kg 的四組實驗飼料,飼喂pH(8.0)以及高pH(9.5)脅迫下初重為(3.26±0.05g)的河蟹。8周飼養(yǎng)結(jié)束后發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)和對照組(pH8.0,飼喂基礎飼料組)相比,高pH脅迫下基礎飼料組增重率有所降低,但無顯著差異(P0.05),飼料補充添加蝦青素或硒處理組增重率顯著升高(P0.05),但兩者同時添加組增重率最低。飼料系數(shù)顯著增高(P0.05),添加蝦青素或硒以及同時添加組和對照組均沒有顯著差異(P0.05)。(2)脅迫下鰓中Na+-K+-ATPase活力均顯著下降(P0.05),基礎飼料組最低,顯著低于其他各組(P0.05),添加蝦青素或硒后均顯著提高,但兩者同時添加組效果不如單一添加組效果好�？偘被岬淖兓蚇a+-K+-ATP酶的變化相類似。(3)和對照組相比,高pH脅迫下飼喂基礎飼料組血清和肝胰腺中SOD活力都顯著升高(P0.05),但MDA含量最高值也出現(xiàn)在該組,顯著高于其他各組(P0.05),補充添加蝦青素和硒后,血清和肝胰腺中MDA含量均顯著降低(P0.05),血清和肝胰腺中GPX及T-AOC也均顯著下降(P0.05),補充添加蝦青素或硒后均顯著升高(P0.05)。(4)血細胞總數(shù)在高pH脅迫下飼料基礎飼料組和對照組相比顯著降低(P0.05),耗氧率顯著升高(P0.05),補充添加蝦青素后和對照組均無顯著差異(P0.05)。和對照組相比,高pH脅迫下飼喂基礎飼料組幼蟹肝胰腺中LZM、ACP和AKP均顯著降低(P0.05),補充添加蝦青素或硒后顯著升高(P0.05),但同時添加組效果不如單一添加組。養(yǎng)殖結(jié)束后使用嗜水氣單胞菌進行攻毒發(fā)現(xiàn):和對照組相比,高pH脅迫下飼喂基礎飼料組在12h時死亡率顯著升高,168h累計死亡率高達90%以上,顯著高于其他各組。結(jié)果表明,高pH脅迫會對中華絨螯蟹幼蟹生長性能、抗氧化能力、滲透壓調(diào)節(jié)以及免疫抗病力等造成不良影響,當飼料補充添加蝦青素或硒可以增強機體抗氧化能力,提高ACP等酶活,增強機體非特異性免疫抗病力來應對這種不良影響,但兩者同時添加效果并無協(xié)同效應,生產(chǎn)中不建議同時添加。
[Abstract]:Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir sinensis) is an important economic crustacean in China. With the popularization of intensive and large-scale artificial culture, the breeding industry of river crab has been developed rapidly. However, the water environment pollution causes the growth of the crab to slow down, the disease frequently occurs, and the benefit of the breeding has decreased significantly, which seriously hinders the breeding industry of the river crab. In this paper, the effects of supplementation of important inorganic salts, selenium and astaxanthin on the growth performance, antioxidation and infection ability of Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir crabs are studied in this paper. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1 the effects of magnesium on the growth of the young crabs of Eriocheir sinensis under the stress of nitrite stress, the effects of antioxidant properties on the antioxidant properties of the experiment were based on the feed based on the purified feed, and the different concentrations of magnesium (L-) were added to the base feed. 0,5,10 g/kg was added to the form of magnesium aspartate, respectively, to be configured into three different experimental diets. Under the two different water environments of nitrite concentration of 0 and 1.0mg/L, the initial weight of (3.15 + 0.02g) of Chinese mitten crab larvae was selected for 8 weeks, and the adverse effects of supplementation of magnesium on nitrite stress were investigated. The results showed: (1) Under the stress of nitrite, the weight gain rate of the non supplemented magnesium treatment group was the lowest. With the increase of magnesium content, the weight gain rate was increasing. The maximum weight gain rate was obtained in the feed supplemented magnesium 10 g/kg treatment group, but there was no significant difference between each group (P0.05). The survival rate of the group without magnesium treatment was significantly lower than that under the normal water body. Magnesium group (P0.05), and with the addition of magnesium, the survival rate increased. The same, the highest feed coefficient also appeared in the non supplemental magnesium group, feed supplemented magnesium 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg treatment group feed coefficient significantly decreased (P0.05). (2) body composition analysis, compared with the control group, there is no significant difference between the water content of each treatment group (P0.05). The crude fat and crude protein decreased significantly (P0.05). After supplementation of magnesium 5g/kg and 10g/kg, the crude protein and crude fat were significantly increased (P0.05), and there was no significant difference from the control group (P0.05). (3) the activity of SOD in the serum was increased under stress, and the addition of magnesium 10 g/kg treatment group was significantly higher than that under the unstressed group (P0.05), MDA The content reached the highest value in the group without magnesium treatment (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the SOD groups in the hepatopancreas, the content of MDA increased significantly (P0.05) under stress (P0.05), and the increase of the feed magnesium decreased significantly (P0.05). The results showed that the weight gain rate, survival rate and feed benefit under nitrite stress were shown. Both use and antioxidant properties are significantly inhibited, feed supplementation of magnesium can significantly increase the survival rate of young crabs, enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body, effectively alleviate the adverse effects of nitrite, ensure the healthy growth of young crabs, and suggest that feed supplemented with 10 g/kg.2 nitrite stress supplement selenium in the feed. The growth of Eriocheir crabs, antioxidant and non specific immune effects were fed on practical feed, supplemented with selenium 0,0.5, and 1 mg/kg respectively, with 3 groups of experimental feed. Under the two different concentrations of nitrite (0,2.0 mg/L) water, the initial weight of (2.19 + 0.05) g of Chinese Eriocheir crabs was fed for 8 weeks. The results were as follows: (1) there was no significant difference in weight gain and survival rate between each group (P0.05). Under the stress of nitrite, the weight gain rate of the crab increased with the increase of selenium content. Compared with the control group (normal water feeding base feed group), the feed coefficient of the non supplemented selenium treatment group increased significantly (P0.05), reaching the highest value, when feed supplementation was supplemented. After adding selenium 1.0mg/kg, the feed coefficient was significantly reduced (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the control group (P0.05). (2) compared with the control group, the SOD activity in the serum and the hepatopancreas was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05), and the supplemented selenium 0.5 mg/kg treatment group reached the highest value, and was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P0.05). The content of MDA in the pancreas increased significantly (P0.05) and decreased significantly with the increase of selenium addition in the diet (P0.05). Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in serum GPX (P0.05), and significantly increased in the hepatopancreas (P0.05). The serum and hepatopancreas supplemented with selenium 0.5mg/kg and 1 mg/ kg treatment group were significantly higher than those of the other groups (P0.05). (3) the total number of blood cells and oxygen consumption rate of young crab under stress decreased, but there was no significant difference (P0.05), supplemented with selenium 0.5mg/kg treatment group, the total number of blood cells increased significantly (P0.05). The serum LZM, ACP and AKP were significantly decreased (P0.05), supplemented with selenium 0.5mg/kg and 1.0mg/kg, except AKP significantly increased (P0.05). The results suggest that in the aquaculture water body (P0.05). The results suggest that in the aquaculture water body The high concentration of nitrite can have a great negative effect on the growth of young crabs, antioxidant properties and non specific immunity. Supplementation of appropriate amount of selenium in feed can improve the growth performance of young crabs, improve the body's antioxidant capacity and non specific immune related enzymes, and alleviate the adverse effects of nitrite on the environment.3 pH stress. The effects of astaxanthin and selenium on the growth, antioxidant capacity and non specific immunity of Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis were affected by astaxanthin and selenium in the practical feed. The astaxanthin and selenium content were 0,0mg/kg; 120,0mg/kg; 0,0.9mg/kg; and four groups of experimental diets for 120,0.9mg/kg were fed with pH (8) and high pH (9.5) coerced. After feeding at the end of.8 week of (3.26 + 0.05g), it was found that (1) compared with the control group (pH8.0, feed base group), the weight gain rate of the base diet group under high pH stress decreased, but there was no significant difference (P0.05). The weight gain rate of astaxanthin or selenium group increased significantly (P0.05), but both of them added the most weight gain rate at the same time. The feed coefficient was significantly higher (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the addition of astaxanthin or selenium (P0.05). (2) the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in the gills under stress decreased significantly (P0.05), the basic feed group was the lowest, significantly lower than the other groups (P0.05), and the addition of astaxanthin or selenium were significantly increased, but both were added at the same time. The effect was not as good as that of the single addition group. The change of total amino acid was similar to that of Na+-K+-ATP enzyme. (3) compared with the control group, the activity of SOD in the serum and hepatopancreas of the base feed group under high pH stress was significantly increased (P0.05), but the highest value of MDA also appeared in the group, which was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P0.05), supplemented with astaxanthin and the addition of astaxanthin. After selenium, the content of MDA in serum and hepatopancreas decreased significantly (P0.05), GPX and T-AOC in serum and hepatopancreas were also significantly decreased (P0.05), and after adding astaxanthin or selenium (P0.05). (4) the total number of blood cells decreased significantly (P0.05) and oxygen consumption rate significantly (P0.05) in the diet group and the group (P0.05) under high pH stress (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the addition of astaxanthin and the control group (P0.05). Compared with the control group, LZM, ACP and AKP were significantly decreased (P0.05) in the hepatopancreas of the young crabs fed by the base diet group under high pH stress (P0.05), and the addition of astaxanthin or selenium (P0.05) was significantly increased, but the effect of addition group was not as good as that of the single addition group. It was found that the mortality of the base feed group under high pH stress was significantly higher than that of the control group at 12h, and the cumulative death rate of 168h was higher than 90%, which was significantly higher than that of other groups. The results showed that high pH stress could cause adverse effects on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, osmotic pressure regulation and immune resistance of the young Eriocheir sinensis. In addition, the addition of astaxanthin or selenium can enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body, increase the enzyme activity of ACP and enhance the non specific immune resistance of the body to cope with this adverse effect, but both of them have no synergistic effect at the same time, and it is not recommended to add at the same time in production.

【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S966.16

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