本文選題：草莓 + 自動變量灌溉系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《寧夏大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：草莓在疏松、濕潤的砂質土壤環(huán)境中生長良好,對土壤水分含量要求較高。而草莓的根系分布很淺,葉片較大而且多,并且不斷的生長新葉和結果。草莓生長期長達6個月,需水量較大。傳統(tǒng)的灌溉方式對灌溉量不能準確的進行控制,不能根據草莓的需水要求進行灌溉。因此要滿足并且合理控制對草莓的灌溉。這樣在提高水分利用率的同時保證了草莓的產量。根據草莓要求有適量的水分供應。設計自動變量灌溉系統(tǒng)是以單片機為控制核心,通過增量式PID控制算法控制灌溉量,可以根據草莓的不同生長過程中的需水要求不同,來實施變量灌溉,這樣既可以提高草莓的產量和品質,也提高了水資源的利用率。本論文的主要研究工作和結論如下:(1)根據草莓的生長過程的需水情況,確定了草莓不同生長期的需水范圍。完成了自動變量灌溉系統(tǒng)工作的方案設計。(2)自動變量灌溉系統(tǒng)的硬件有電源模塊、控制模塊、數據采集模塊和執(zhí)行機構模塊。系統(tǒng)使用單片機作為核心部分,使用FDS100 土壤水分傳感器進行土壤水分數據的采集,通過進行硬件設計來實現系統(tǒng)功能。其中,硬件設計包括:硬件的選型,性能,以及最終電路的設計。(3)根據系統(tǒng)的工作方案進行軟件設計,軟件設計包括:系統(tǒng)主程序設計、數據采集設計,A/D轉換設計、單片機控制執(zhí)行機構設計、液晶顯示設計、系統(tǒng)定時設計等,軟件設計均使用Keil軟件編譯與調試C51程序來實現。系統(tǒng)的工作過程為:每個控制系統(tǒng)通過土壤水分傳感器采集到的模擬信號送至A/D轉換,然后將轉換結果顯示在液晶屏上。控制系統(tǒng)根據顯示的土壤水分含量的高低,并且計算測量的土壤水分含量與標準土壤水分含量的差距來控制執(zhí)行機構的開啟和關閉進行灌溉。灌溉時間隨著土壤水分含量的變化而變化。(4)對自動變量灌溉系統(tǒng)進行穩(wěn)定性試驗和性能試驗,試驗結果表明,系統(tǒng)能夠準確測量土壤水分并且進行灌溉,運行穩(wěn)定,性能良好,該系統(tǒng)能達到預期要求,適合大棚中應用。之后將該系統(tǒng)應用于寧夏賀蘭園藝產業(yè)園草莓種植土壤水分的監(jiān)測試驗中。本系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)新點為:該系統(tǒng)可對多監(jiān)測點的草莓的土壤水分含量信息同時進行實時監(jiān)測,并且可以根據監(jiān)測到的土壤水分含量進行自動變量灌溉。
[Abstract]:Strawberries grow well in loose and humid sandy soil environment and require higher soil moisture content.But the strawberry root distribution is very shallow, the leaf is big and many, and grows the new leaf and the fruit unceasingly.Strawberry growing period lasts for 6 months, and water demand is great.The traditional irrigation method can not control the irrigation quantity accurately, and can not be irrigated according to the water requirement of strawberry.Therefore, the irrigation of strawberry should be satisfied and controlled reasonably.In this way, the increase of water use efficiency at the same time to ensure the yield of strawberries.According to strawberry requirements there is a proper amount of water supply.The automatic variable irrigation system is designed with single chip microcomputer as the control core and the increment PID control algorithm to control the irrigation quantity. The variable irrigation can be implemented according to the different requirements of water demand in different growing process of strawberry.This can not only increase the yield and quality of strawberry, but also improve the utilization of water resources.The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) according to the water requirement of strawberry growth process, the water demand range of strawberry in different growth period is determined.The hardware of the automatic variable irrigation system includes power supply module, control module, data acquisition module and executing mechanism module.The system uses single chip microcomputer as the core part, uses the FDS100 soil moisture sensor to collect the soil moisture data, and realizes the system function by hardware design.Among them, the hardware design includes: hardware selection, performance, and final circuit design. (3) according to the system's work plan, the software design includes: system main program design, data acquisition design and A / D conversion design.Single chip microcomputer control actuator design, liquid crystal display design, system timing design, software design using Keil software to compile and debug C51 program to achieve.The working process of the system is as follows: the analog signals collected by the soil moisture sensor in each control system are sent to the A / D conversion and the conversion results are displayed on the LCD screen.The control system controls the opening and closing of the actuator for irrigation according to the level of the soil moisture content shown and the difference between the measured soil moisture content and the standard soil moisture content.The experimental results show that the system can accurately measure soil moisture and irrigate, run stably and have good performance.The system can meet the expected requirements and is suitable for application in the greenhouse.Then the system was applied to the monitoring experiment of strawberry planting soil moisture in Horticultural Industrial Park of Helan Ningxia.The innovation of the system is that the system can simultaneously monitor the soil moisture content information of strawberry with multiple monitoring points, and can carry out automatic variable irrigation according to the monitored soil moisture content.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S274.2;S668.4

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