發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-18 21:38

  本文選題：生物農(nóng)藥 + 致病桿菌Xenorhabdus�。� 參考：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展,人們對(duì)生活質(zhì)量、生存環(huán)境的要求也不斷提高,雖然人類的種種要求推動(dòng)了科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,但也隨之帶來(lái)很多環(huán)境問(wèn)題。在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,化學(xué)農(nóng)藥是最主要也是最為有效防治病蟲(chóng)害的方式,由于環(huán)境的不斷惡化以及人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的不斷提高,尋找代替化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的替代品已成為熱點(diǎn)。生物農(nóng)藥因其低殘留、低毒、不易產(chǎn)生抗藥性、選擇性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)已成為世界各國(guó)的研究重點(diǎn)。農(nóng)用抗生素主要指生物農(nóng)藥中的微生物源農(nóng)藥,目前在殺蟲(chóng)和殺菌方面已取得顯著的防治效果,成為當(dāng)今研究的熱點(diǎn)。本試驗(yàn)從土壤中分離得到一株昆蟲(chóng)病原線蟲(chóng)共生菌Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)該菌株的次生代謝產(chǎn)物可有效抑制番茄灰霉菌、辣椒疫霉菌和大豆疫霉菌的生長(zhǎng)。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)測(cè)定了致病桿菌Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84發(fā)酵液、粗提物以及分離得到的7種純化合物對(duì)番茄灰霉菌、辣椒疫霉菌和大豆疫霉菌三種植物病原真菌的抑制效果,并利用致病桿菌Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84的發(fā)酵液對(duì)番茄幼苗進(jìn)行生物測(cè)定,以期得到一株能夠抑制植物病原真菌的新型農(nóng)用抗生素或其前導(dǎo)活性產(chǎn)物的菌株,為解決生產(chǎn)中缺少對(duì)三種靶標(biāo)菌株具有安全高效的農(nóng)用抗生素品種提供可能。主要研究結(jié)果如下:測(cè)定致病桿菌Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84菌株發(fā)酵液對(duì)三種植物病原真菌的抑菌效果,結(jié)果顯示,Xenorhabdusbovienii SN84菌株無(wú)菌發(fā)酵液對(duì)三種靶標(biāo)病原真菌均有顯著的抑制效果。當(dāng)Xenorhabdusbovienii SN84無(wú)菌發(fā)酵液的濃度達(dá)到2%時(shí),對(duì)番茄灰霉病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑制可達(dá)到近50%;當(dāng)Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84無(wú)菌發(fā)酵液的濃度達(dá)到0.6%時(shí),對(duì)辣椒疫霉病菌和大豆疫霉病病原菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑制可達(dá)到近50%。測(cè)定致病桿菌Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84菌株發(fā)酵粗提物對(duì)三種植物病原真菌的抑菌效果,結(jié)果顯示,得到A、B、C和D四個(gè)組分中僅B組分有抑菌效果,且對(duì)番茄灰霉菌的抑制效果最佳,對(duì)另外兩種植物病原真菌的抑制效果不佳,固將番茄灰霉菌作為下一步試驗(yàn)研究重點(diǎn),并探究抑菌效果較發(fā)酵液有所降低的原因。測(cè)定從致病桿菌Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84菌株發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中分離得到的7種純化合物對(duì)番茄灰霉菌孢子萌發(fā)的抑制作用,結(jié)果顯示僅C2-2對(duì)番茄灰霉病病菌孢子萌發(fā)的抑制作用最強(qiáng),且持續(xù)作用時(shí)間最為持久,若其進(jìn)行更加深入研究,有望得到一株對(duì)番茄灰霉病病菌抑制活性較強(qiáng)的生物農(nóng)藥或其先導(dǎo)化合物。測(cè)定致病桿菌Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84菌株發(fā)酵液對(duì)番茄灰霉病的抑制作用,進(jìn)而檢測(cè)該菌株發(fā)酵液對(duì)番茄幼苗的保護(hù)作用。結(jié)果顯示,隨著加入無(wú)菌發(fā)酵液的量的增多,灰霉病的發(fā)病率逐漸降低。當(dāng)Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84無(wú)菌發(fā)酵液的濃度為8%時(shí),對(duì)番茄幼苗起到有效的預(yù)防番茄灰霉病的效果。表明了進(jìn)一步研究致病桿菌Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84菌株作為生物農(nóng)藥或其先導(dǎo)化合物的重要意義。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of human society, the quality of life, living environment requirements are also constantly raised, although human requirements promote the development of science and technology, but also bring a lot of environmental problems.In agricultural production, chemical pesticide is the most important and most effective way to control diseases and insect pests. Due to the deterioration of the environment and the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, finding a substitute for chemical pesticides has become a hot spot.Because of its advantages of low residue, low toxicity, low resistance and high selectivity, biological pesticides have become the focus of research all over the world.Agricultural antibiotics mainly refer to microbial pesticides in biological pesticides. At present, significant control effect has been achieved in insecticidal and bactericidal aspects, and has become a hot research topic.A symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 was isolated from soil. It was found that the secondary metabolites of this strain could effectively inhibit the growth of Tomato Ash, Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora sojae.The inhibitory effects of Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 fermentation broth, crude extract and seven compounds isolated from pathogenic bacillus Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 on three plant pathogenic fungi, Tomato ash fungus, Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora sojae, were studied.The fermentation broth of Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 was used for bioassay of tomato seedlings in order to obtain a new agricultural antibiotic or its leading active product which could inhibit plant pathogenic fungi.It is possible to solve the problem of the lack of agricultural antibiotic varieties with safety and efficiency for three target strains in production.The main results were as follows: the bacteriostasis effect of the fermentation broth of Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 on three plant pathogenic fungi was determined. The results showed that the aseptic fermentation broth of Xenorhabdusbovienii SN84 had significant inhibitory effect on all three target pathogenic fungi.When the concentration of Xenorhabdusbovienii SN84 aseptic fermentation broth reached 2%, the inhibition of mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea was nearly 50%, and when the concentration of Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 aseptic broth reached 0.6%,The hyphal growth of Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora sojae was inhibited nearly 50%.The antimicrobial effects of the crude extracts of pathogenic bacillus Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 on three plant pathogenic fungi were determined. The results showed that only B and D of the four components of Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 had bacteriostasis effect, and the inhibitory effect was the best to the ash fungus of tomato.The inhibition effect of the other two plant pathogenic fungi was not good. The tomato ash fungus was regarded as the key point of the next experiment, and the reason why the bacteriostatic effect was lower than the fermentation broth was explored.The inhibitory effects of seven pure compounds isolated from the fermentation products of pathogenic bacillus Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 on the spore germination of Tomato Aspergillus cinerea were determined. The results showed that only C2-2 had the strongest inhibitory effect on the spore germination of Botrytis cinerea.If it is studied more deeply, it is hopeful to obtain a biological pesticide or its leading compound which has strong inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea.The inhibitory effect of fermentation broth of pathogenic bacillus Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 on Botrytis cinerea was determined, and then the protective effect of the fermentation liquid on tomato seedlings was tested.The results showed that the incidence of gray mold decreased with the increase of aseptic fermentation broth.When the concentration of Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 aseptic fermentation broth was 8, it had an effective effect on preventing tomato gray mold.The results indicate that it is important to further study the pathogenic bacillus Xenorhabdus bovienii SN84 as a biological pesticide or its leading compound.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S476
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本文編號(hào)：1770198