本文選題：大熊貓 + 食物資源��； 參考：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：大熊貓(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)是中國(guó)特有的大熊貓科動(dòng)物,同時(shí)也是全球生物多樣性保護(hù)的旗艦物種,其種群的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展一直受到廣泛的關(guān)注。由于竹子的低營(yíng)養(yǎng)含量特征,大熊貓能夠從中獲取的有效營(yíng)養(yǎng)收益十分有限,因此,營(yíng)養(yǎng)含量相對(duì)較高的竹筍在大熊貓的繁殖育幼等重要生命活動(dòng)中起著重要作用。但目前缺乏關(guān)于筍期大熊貓覓食策略及其與同域物種之間食物資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的研究。2016年3月開(kāi)始,本研究以秦嶺野生大熊貓為研究對(duì)象,在陜西佛坪國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū),通過(guò)對(duì)野外覓食行為的直接觀察和固定竹筍樣方的定期監(jiān)測(cè),研究秦嶺大熊貓?jiān)谥匾捠硶r(shí)期—食筍時(shí)期的種間食物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀況,分析種間食物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)可能對(duì)大熊貓產(chǎn)生的影響,探討大熊貓?jiān)谶@一種間食物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)下的覓食策略及其生物學(xué)意義,為野生大熊貓的科學(xué)保護(hù)與管理提供重要的基礎(chǔ)資料。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、研究區(qū)內(nèi)的大熊貓采食巴山木竹(Bashania fargesii)竹筍的時(shí)間為每年的4-6月份,此后隨著巴山木竹竹筍的木質(zhì)化,大熊貓從6月中旬開(kāi)始遷徙至高海拔地區(qū)采食秦嶺箭竹(Fargesia qinlingensis)竹筍。雖然筍期大熊貓?jiān)趯?duì)巴山木竹以及秦嶺箭竹采食點(diǎn)的選擇上有一定的差異,但這些采食點(diǎn)的共同特征是成竹基徑較大、高度較高等這些發(fā)筍質(zhì)量較好的地方。同時(shí),在對(duì)竹子相關(guān)變量特征的選擇上均傾向于選擇基徑較大、高度較高的竹筍。這些研究結(jié)果表明大熊貓?jiān)诠S期的覓食策略與其他面臨嚴(yán)峻營(yíng)養(yǎng)挑戰(zhàn)的食草動(dòng)物相似,即通過(guò)在異質(zhì)化的竹筍斑塊中選擇營(yíng)養(yǎng)質(zhì)量較高的食物資源從而最大化自身的營(yíng)養(yǎng)收益。2、在研究區(qū)內(nèi)與大熊貓同域分布的物種中,野豬(Sus scrofa)、羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)、黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)、鳥類、昆蟲存在在筍期采食竹筍的行為。在這些競(jìng)爭(zhēng)種之間,野豬對(duì)兩種大熊貓主食的兩種竹筍的采食量均較大,而其他物種對(duì)于大熊貓采食竹筍的干擾較小。同時(shí),二者在對(duì)食物資源以及微生境中各變量的選擇上并沒(méi)有明顯的差異,卻在采食竹筍的數(shù)量上差異不大。因此,我們推測(cè)對(duì)竹子這一食物資源的特化適應(yīng)使得大熊貓具有較高的覓食效率,從而在食物資源豐富的情況下能與野豬在采食過(guò)程中達(dá)到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性共存。3、本研究結(jié)合微生境選擇及食物資源利用方式,首次對(duì)大熊貓與同域物種之間在食筍季節(jié)的食物資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析和探討,研究成果有助于理解專食性物種與廣食性物種之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系以及共存機(jī)制,同時(shí)為野生大熊貓的科學(xué)保護(hù)與管理提供一定的基礎(chǔ)資料。
[Abstract]:Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a unique big bear cat in China. It is also the flagship species of biodiversity conservation in the world. The current situation and development of the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca has received extensive attention.Due to the characteristics of low nutrient content of bamboo, the effective nutritional benefits of giant panda are very limited. Therefore, bamboo shoots with relatively high nutrient content play an important role in the important life activities, such as breeding and breeding of giant pandas.However, there is a lack of research on the foraging strategy of giant pandas in bamboo shoot stage and the competition of food resources between the giant pandas and their native species. Since March 2016, the study has been conducted in Foping National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, with the wild giant panda in Qinling Mountains as the research object.Through direct observation of foraging behavior in the field and regular monitoring of fixed bamboo shoots, the interspecific food competition of giant pandas in Qinling Mountains during the period of important foraging and bamboo shoot feeding was studied, and the influence of interspecific food competition on giant pandas was analyzed.To explore the foraging strategy and biological significance of giant panda under the condition of interspecies food competition, and to provide important basic data for the scientific protection and management of wild giant panda.The main results are as follows: 1. The time of the giant panda to feed on the bamboo shoots of Bashania fargesii is from April to June of each year, and then along with the lignification of the bamboo shoots in Bashania fargesii.The giant panda began to migrate to the high altitude in mid-June to feed on the bamboo shoots of Fargesia qinlingensis in the Qinling Mountains.Although the bamboo shoot stage giant pandas have some differences in the selection of the feeding sites of Bashan bamboo and Qinling bamboo, the common characteristics of these feeding sites are the larger diameter of bamboo base and the higher height of bamboo shoot.At the same time, the bamboo shoots with larger basal diameter and higher height tended to be selected in the selection of the characteristics of bamboo related variables.The findings suggest that the giant panda's foraging strategy at the shoot stage is similar to that of other herbivores facing severe nutritional challenges.Insects eat bamboo shoots at shoot stage.Among these competing species, wild boars had a greater intake of the two bamboo shoots of the two kinds of giant panda staple food, while other species did not interfere with the eating of bamboo shoots of giant pandas.At the same time, there was no significant difference between the two in the selection of food resources and the variables in microenvironment, but there was no significant difference in the number of bamboo shoots.Therefore, we speculate that the adaptation to bamboo, a food resource, makes the giant panda more efficient in foraging.Therefore, in the case of abundant food resources, we can achieve competitive coexistence with wild boar in the course of feeding. This study combined microhabitat selection and food resource utilization mode.The competition relationship of food resources between giant panda and homogenous species in bamboo shoot season is analyzed and discussed for the first time. The results of the study are helpful to understand the competitive relationship and coexistence mechanism between special-eating species and broad-eating species.At the same time, it provides some basic data for the scientific protection and management of wild pandas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S865.3

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