本文選題：氨基酸　切入點：雪柑　出處：《福建農林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：缺鎂(Mg)是一個普遍的問題,嚴重影響著包括柑橘在內的許多重要農作物的質量和產量。盡管Mg對高等植物的正常生長和發(fā)育有著重要的作用,但是相對于其他大量元素如氮(N)、磷(P)、鈣(Ca)而言,Mg還是被植物學家和農學家所忽視,被稱為"被遺忘的元素"。據我們所知,目前很少有研究者比較調查根和不同葉位葉對缺Mg的生理生化響應。在中國,缺Mg是造成柑橘果實品質差、產量受損的一種常見問題。有鑒于此,本研究以雪柑(Citrussinensis)實生苗為試驗材料,率先調查了缺Mg對實生苗生長、上(地上部3/4處)下(地上部1/4處)部成熟葉單位葉面積質量(LMA)、色素含量和核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)活性,以及根和上下部葉氣體交換、Mg、碳水化合物、有機酸、可溶性蛋白質、氨基酸、總酚和花青素含量以及有機酸、氨基酸和酚類代謝酶活性的影響,旨在明確缺Mg導致雪柑根和上下部葉氣體交換,主要代謝產物和關鍵酶改變的差異,為柑橘的高產優(yōu)質栽培提供理論依據。研究結果清楚地顯示,除了非結構性碳水化合物外,缺Mg對氣體交換(C02同化和暗呼吸)、主要代謝物(有機酸、氨基酸和酚類物質)含量和相關關鍵酶活性的影響均是下部葉比上部葉更嚴重,但二者之間的趨勢是相似的。盡管缺Mg葉非結構性碳水化合物積累增加,但其C02同化的降低并不能由糖積累反饋抑制光合的機制來解釋。為了"消耗"缺Mg下部葉過度積累的碳水化合物,暗呼吸和有機酸代謝在缺Mg下部葉中均上調;而為了保持非結構性碳水化合物積累少的缺Mg根的凈碳平衡,暗呼吸和有機酸代謝在缺Mg根中均下調。缺Mg下部葉總酚含量增加,花青素含量減少,而這二者在缺Mg根中均下降�？傊�,缺Mg誘導的氣體交換、主要代謝產物和關鍵酶的改變在雪柑根和上下部葉之間存在著巨大的差異。
[Abstract]:Magnesium deficiency is a common problem, which seriously affects the quality and yield of many important crops, including citrus.Although mg plays an important role in the normal growth and development of higher plants, it is still neglected by botanists and agronomists, and is called "forgotten element" compared with other elements such as N ~ (2 +), N ~ (2 +), P ~ (2 +), Ca ~ (2 +).As far as we know, few researchers have compared the physiological and biochemical responses of roots and different leaf leaves to mg deficiency.In China, mg deficiency is a common problem that results in poor quality and impaired yield of citrus fruits.Therefore, in this study, the seedling of Citrus sinensis was used as the experimental material, and the growth of the seedlings with mg deficiency was investigated firstly.Up (3 / 4 on the ground) under (1 / 4 on the ground) the unit leaf area per unit leaf area of the mature leaf is LMAA, pigment content and ribonose -1-diphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase Rubiscocoactivity, as well as gas exchange Mg, carbohydrate, organic acid in the root and upper and lower leaves.The effects of soluble protein, amino acid, total phenol and anthocyanin contents and the activities of organic acids, amino acids and phenolic metabolic enzymes on the gas exchange, major metabolites and key enzymes in the roots and upper and lower leaves of Citrus mandarin were determined.To provide theoretical basis for citrus cultivation with high yield and good quality.The results clearly show that, in addition to non-structural carbohydrates, mg deficiency is responsible for assimilation and dark respiration of gaseous exchangers C02, the main metabolites (organic acids, organic acids, etc.)The effects of amino acid and phenolic substances) and related key enzyme activities were more serious in the lower leaf than in the upper leaf, but the trend was similar between them.Although the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in mg deficient leaves increased, the decrease of CO2 assimilation could not be explained by the mechanism of feedback inhibition of photosynthesis by sugar accumulation.In order to "consume" the excessive accumulation of carbohydrates in mg deficient lower leaves, dark respiration and organic acid metabolism were up-regulated in mg deficient lower leaves, while in order to maintain the net carbon balance of mg deficient roots with little accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates,Dark respiration and organic acid metabolism were down-regulated in mg deficient roots.The contents of total phenol and anthocyanin in the lower leaves of mg deficiency increased, but both of them decreased in mg deficient roots.In conclusion, mg deficiency induced gas exchange, major metabolites and changes of key enzymes were significantly different between the roots and the upper and lower leaves of Citrus mandarinus.
【學位授予單位】：福建農林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S666.1

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