本文選題：葡萄　切入點：砧木　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本試驗對3個鮮食葡萄品種、6種砧木、總計15個嫁接組合進行了果實品質(zhì)評價,篩選出了品種特異的最佳砧穗組合。為探明葡萄砧木對果實品質(zhì)的影響機理,以金手指、金手指/3309C和金手指/101-14M為試材,利用組學手段分析了砧木對果實基因和蛋白質(zhì)表達的影響,并系統(tǒng)地研究了砧木對葡萄幼苗生長發(fā)育及碳氮營養(yǎng)的影響,豐富了砧木調(diào)控果實品質(zhì)的機制。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.金手指葡萄以101-14M為砧木果實性狀表現(xiàn)最好,基本保持了糖酸、香氣物質(zhì)和氨基酸含量,并且其穗重和果皮白藜蘆醇含量得到顯著提高。夏黑葡萄幾個砧穗組合中,夏黑/貝達在果粒大小、著色、香氣含量上表現(xiàn)優(yōu)良,糖酸和氨基酸含量和對照(自根苗)近似。幾種砧木均對藤稔葡萄的果實糖含量和著色產(chǎn)生了不利影響;相比而言,101-14M在穗重和粒重上表現(xiàn)出色,可溶性糖積累稍差于對照,并且未對香氣產(chǎn)生不利影響。因此,就砧木對葡萄品質(zhì)的影響而言,適合金手指和藤稔的砧木為101-14M,適合夏黑的砧木為貝達。2.SO4對金手指、夏黑和藤稔葡萄的果實性狀均造成了不良影響,顯著降低了果實固酸比TSS/TA,降幅分別為23.5%、26.7%和55.4%,對香氣和氨基酸含量也造成了不利影響;相比之下,該砧木有利于果實穗重和粒重的增加。5BB降低了金手指葡萄的氨基酸含量;降低了夏黑葡萄的可溶性糖和花色苷含量。3309C降低了金手指葡萄果實可溶性固形物、酯類香氣和果皮白藜蘆醇含量;110R降低了藤稔葡萄果實可溶性糖含量,但產(chǎn)生了較多的香氣物質(zhì)。綜上所述,SO4、5BB和3309C總體上對果實品質(zhì)產(chǎn)生了不利影響。3.通過RNA-Seq及生物信息學分析,共鑒定到259個差異基因在金手指果實成熟時顯著受砧木3309C或101-14M的影響,其中152個為共差異基因。GO富集分析發(fā)現(xiàn)在刺激響應(yīng)、多生物體過程、免疫系統(tǒng)過程和轉(zhuǎn)錄因子活性類別中富集性較好,KEGG分析發(fā)現(xiàn)差異基因主要參與了碳水化合物代謝、氨基酸代謝和香氣代謝等途徑。4.通過Label-free蛋白組學分析,在轉(zhuǎn)色期金手指葡萄果實中共鑒定到3197個蛋白質(zhì),其中929個蛋白質(zhì)受3309C和101-14M共同調(diào)控,745個蛋白質(zhì)僅受3309C調(diào)控,494個蛋白質(zhì)僅受101-14M調(diào)控。通過GO富集分析發(fā)現(xiàn),兩種砧木誘導的差異蛋白都可以富集到細胞過程、代謝過程和定位系統(tǒng)建立等二級條目上,己糖代謝、葡萄糖代謝和單糖代謝等在生物過程中富集性最好。經(jīng)過比對KEGG數(shù)據(jù)庫,較多蛋白匹配到碳水化合物代謝和氨基酸代謝途徑上。5.3309C和101-14M引起了成熟期果實轉(zhuǎn)錄組的(成熟期)和蛋白組(轉(zhuǎn)色期)的廣泛變化,以負調(diào)控為主,兩砧木處理之間差異相對較小。6.3309C和101-14M影響了金手指葡萄的碳氮營養(yǎng)特性,提高了根系對氮的吸收能力和葉片對碳的固定能力,提高了植株整體的C:N和干物質(zhì)比例。碳氮示蹤試驗表明嫁接促進了碳氮營養(yǎng)在植物體內(nèi)的極性運輸。
[Abstract]:A total of 15 grafted combinations were used to evaluate the fruit quality of 3 fresh grape varieties and 6 rootstocks, and the best variety specific rootstock combinations were selected.In order to investigate the effect of grape rootstocks on fruit quality, the effects of rootstocks on the expression of genes and proteins were studied by means of group analysis with Golden finger, Golden finger / 3309C and Golden finger / / 101-14M as materials.The effects of rootstocks on the growth and development of grape seedlings and carbon and nitrogen nutrition were studied systematically, which enriched the mechanism of rootstock regulating fruit quality.The main results are as follows: 1.101-14M as the rootstock had the best fruit characters, which kept the contents of sugar and acid, aroma substance and amino acid, and the ear weight and resveratrol content of peel were significantly increased.In several rootstocks of summer black grape, summer black / Beida showed excellent fruit size, color and aroma content, and the content of sugar, acid and amino acid was similar to that of control (self-rooted seedling).Several rootstocks had a negative effect on sugar content and color of Fujiminori grape fruit, compared with 101-14M in ear weight and grain weight, soluble sugar accumulation was slightly worse than that of control, and had no adverse effect on aroma.Therefore, in terms of the effect of rootstock on grape quality, the rootstocks suitable for Golden finger and Fujimori were 101-14m, and the rootstocks suitable for summer black were Beida .2.SO4, which had a negative effect on the fruit characters of Golden finger, Summer Black and Fujiminori Grape.The ratio of solid to acid was significantly decreased by 23.526.7% and 55.4kT, respectively, which had a negative effect on aroma and amino acid content, in contrast, the rootstock was beneficial to the increase of panicle weight and grain weight. 5BB decreased the amino acid content of Grape.The content of soluble sugar and anthocyanin. 3309C decreased the content of soluble solids, ester aroma and resveratrol content of fruit.However, more aroma substances were produced.To sum up, so _ 4 ~ (4) B _ (5BB) and ~ (3309C) had a negative effect on fruit quality.By RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis, a total of 259 differentially expressed genes were identified to be significantly affected by rootstocks (3309C or 101-14M) during fruit ripening. 152 of them were co-differential genes.KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and aroma metabolism.A total of 3197 proteins were identified by Label-free proteomics analysis, of which 929 proteins were regulated by 3309C and 101-14M, only 494 proteins were regulated by 101-14M and 3309C.Through go enrichment analysis, it was found that the differential proteins induced by the two rootstocks could be enriched into the secondary items, such as cell process, metabolic process and location system establishment, and hexose metabolism.Glucose metabolism and monosaccharide metabolism have the best enrichment in biological processes.Compared with KEGG database, more proteins were matched to carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathway. 5.3309C and 101-14M resulted in extensive changes of transcriptional group (maturation) and proteome (transcoloration phase) in mature fruit, mainly in negative regulation.The difference between the two rootstocks was relatively small. 6.3309C and 101-14M affected the carbon and nitrogen nutrient characteristics of Grape, improved the nitrogen absorption ability of roots and the carbon fixation ability of leaves, and increased the C: n and dry matter ratio of the whole plant.Carbon and nitrogen tracer test showed that grafting promoted the polar transport of carbon and nitrogen nutrition in plants.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S663.1

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