本文選題：果樹　切入點(diǎn)：振動(dòng)采收　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：“十二五”以來,黨中央、國務(wù)院把建設(shè)小康社會(huì)作為工作中心,各級政府聚焦“三農(nóng)”。作為農(nóng)民增收的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),林果業(yè)已經(jīng)發(fā)展上升到我國種植業(yè)的第三大產(chǎn)業(yè)。隨著規(guī)�；止a(chǎn)模式的普及,人工采摘這類傳統(tǒng)的林果采收方式已經(jīng)落伍,機(jī)械化作業(yè)方式必然要在林果業(yè)生產(chǎn)中推廣。由于國內(nèi)水果采收機(jī)械大多功能單一、效率低、采收質(zhì)量低,因此,本文圍繞如何提高采收效率、采收質(zhì)量進(jìn)行研究分析,通過室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)和實(shí)地試驗(yàn)來具體探究果樹機(jī)械采收的影響因素。本文的研究對象是新疆地區(qū)盛果期的海棠果樹,通過建立果樹振動(dòng)的力學(xué)模型,列出振動(dòng)微分方程,確定果樹振動(dòng)采收的影響因素。結(jié)合試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。試驗(yàn)包括:室內(nèi)的振動(dòng)參數(shù)影響規(guī)律試驗(yàn)和室外的振動(dòng)落果試驗(yàn)。通過理論分析和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,得到如下結(jié)論:(1)在實(shí)際的果園果品振動(dòng)收獲過程中,按照果樹形態(tài)學(xué),將果樹不同形態(tài)部位的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律大致分成兩個(gè)類型:一種類型是果樹的主干和中心干部位,包括兩者的節(jié)點(diǎn)位置,這一類形態(tài)部位在振動(dòng)過程中獲得的加速度的變化與激振設(shè)備的振動(dòng)頻率之間的關(guān)系是:正相關(guān)關(guān)系;另一種類型是果樹的主枝和側(cè)枝部位,該形態(tài)部位在振動(dòng)采收過程中獲得的加速度的變化規(guī)律是:先隨激振設(shè)備的振動(dòng)頻率增大而增大,在激振設(shè)備輸出振動(dòng)頻率設(shè)置為20Hz時(shí),獲得的加速度達(dá)到最大值;隨后隨激振設(shè)備輸出的振動(dòng)頻率增大反而該部位獲得的加速度值減小;(2)最優(yōu)激振頻率為20Hz、最優(yōu)激振位置為距離固定端60cm處、最優(yōu)激振位移為5mm;(3)在電動(dòng)激振設(shè)備選取最優(yōu)激振參數(shù)的振動(dòng)工況作用下,試驗(yàn)樣木海棠果樹在近枝端獲得三向合成加速度的平均值為19.90375g;(4)海棠果果實(shí)脫落過程的運(yùn)動(dòng)包括自由擺動(dòng)及繞果柄結(jié)合點(diǎn)的自由旋轉(zhuǎn)。海棠果果實(shí)脫落瞬間最大的速度(3.552 m/s)、加速度(189.246 m/s2)、脫落慣性力(2.460 N)。室外試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)得到的最佳激振參數(shù)的正確性,保證了本次試驗(yàn)的正確性,為振動(dòng)式果品采收機(jī)的研制提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have taken the building of a well-off society as the work center, and governments at all levels have focused on the "three rural areas" as the pillar industries for increasing farmers' income. The forest and fruit industry has developed to the third largest industry in our country. With the popularization of large-scale forest and fruit production mode, the traditional harvesting methods of artificial harvesting have become outdated. The mechanized operation must be popularized in the forest and fruit industry. As most of the domestic fruit harvesting machinery has a single function, low efficiency and low harvest quality, this paper focuses on how to improve the harvesting efficiency and harvest quality. Through laboratory and field experiments, the factors that affect the mechanical harvesting of fruit trees are studied in this paper. The vibration differential equations are listed by establishing the mechanical model of the vibration of fruit trees in Xinjiang. To determine the factors affecting the vibration harvesting of fruit trees, and to verify it by combining the tests. The experiments include: indoor vibration parameter influence law test and outdoor vibration fruit drop test. Through theoretical analysis and test results, The conclusion is as follows: (1) in the process of actual fruit vibration harvesting in orchards, according to the morphology of fruit trees, the movement laws of different parts of fruit trees are roughly divided into two types: one type is the trunk of fruit trees and the position of central cadres. Including the position of the nodes of the two, the relationship between the acceleration obtained in the vibration process and the vibration frequency of the exciting equipment is: the positive correlation; the other type is the main branch and the side branch of the fruit tree. The change rule of acceleration obtained in the process of vibration harvesting is as follows: firstly, the acceleration increases with the vibration frequency of the exciting equipment, and the acceleration reaches the maximum when the output vibration frequency of the exciting equipment is set to 20Hz; Then with the increase of the output frequency of the excitation equipment, the acceleration obtained in this part is reduced to 20 Hz. The optimal excitation frequency is 20 Hz, and the optimal excitation position is from the fixed end of 60cm. The optimal excitation displacement is 5 mm ~ (3)) under the condition of selecting the optimal excitation parameters of the electric excitation equipment, The average value of the triaxial synthetic acceleration at the proximal branch is 19.90375g / L) the motion of the shedding process includes the free swing and the free rotation around the junction point of the petiole. The velocity is 3.552 m / s ~ (-1), the acceleration is 189.246 m / s ~ (2), the shedding inertial force is 2.460 N ~ (-1). The outdoor test verifies the correctness of the optimum excitation parameters obtained from the indoor test. The correctness of the experiment is guaranteed and the theoretical basis is provided for the development of vibratory fruit harvester.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225.93

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