本文選題：百合　切入點(diǎn)：連作　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：蘭州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)是中國(guó)特有的“藥食同源”甜百合,也是甘肅蘭州南部二陰山區(qū)支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。由于其生長(zhǎng)周期長(zhǎng)、適生區(qū)狹窄、土地資源有限和利益驅(qū)動(dòng)等諸多因素使其復(fù)種指數(shù)加大,加之其不耐連作,導(dǎo)致連作障礙十分嚴(yán)重:品種退化、病害大發(fā)生、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)下降。以上問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重制約了蘭州百合產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展,成為亟待解決的生產(chǎn)實(shí)際問(wèn)題。本文以從未種植過(guò)蘭州百合的種植田為對(duì)照,前茬為連作3、6和9年蘭州百合田四個(gè)處理,在百合生育期間對(duì)植株生長(zhǎng)、葉片光合色素、熒光特性、抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)、滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)、干物質(zhì)積累和產(chǎn)量進(jìn)行測(cè)定,同時(shí)測(cè)定百合根際土壤理化性質(zhì)和酚酸類(lèi)物質(zhì)變化,揭示百合連作障礙產(chǎn)生規(guī)律和機(jī)理,為未來(lái)克服百合連作障礙、合理制定生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃、培育高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)百合提供理論依據(jù)。現(xiàn)得出結(jié)論如下:1.連作顯著抑制了蘭州百合生長(zhǎng),葉面積減小,光合色素含量降低,葉片最大光化學(xué)效率Fv/Fm、實(shí)際光化學(xué)效率Fv'/Fm'和實(shí)際光量子產(chǎn)量ΦPSⅡ下降,光合作用顯著下降,干物質(zhì)積累減少,鱗莖單重減少,百合產(chǎn)量降低。2.連作顯著降低了蘭州百合葉片可溶性蛋白含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性,提高了葉片丙二醛和脯氨酸含量,且隨著連作茬數(shù)增加程度加劇。連作能引起百合體內(nèi)活性氧代謝失調(diào),引發(fā)其它生理代謝紊亂,從而影響連作百合的干物質(zhì)積累和產(chǎn)量形成。3.隨著連作年限增加,土壤pH值、含鹽量上升,有鹽堿化趨勢(shì);土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、堿解氮、有效磷含量增加,速效鉀含量減少,土壤養(yǎng)分失衡;過(guò)氧化氫酶和蔗糖酶活性降低,脲酶和堿性磷酸酶增加。4.蘭州百合連作根際土壤中共檢測(cè)到11種酚酸類(lèi)物質(zhì),即含量大于1μgg~(-1)的對(duì)香豆酸烏頭酸苯甲酸香草酸鄰苯二甲酸;含量介于0.1~1μgg~(-1)之間的原兒茶酸、對(duì)羥基苯甲酸、香蘭素、肉桂酸和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚;含量低于0.1μgg~(-1)的阿魏酸。隨生育期推進(jìn),對(duì)香豆酸、肉桂酸、對(duì)羥基苯甲酸、香草酸、香蘭素、苯甲酸和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚先增加后減少;鄰苯二甲酸和阿魏酸逐漸減少。隨連作年限增加,香草酸、鄰苯二甲酸、香蘭素、對(duì)香豆酸、阿魏酸和肉桂酸積累。連作3、6和9年百合根際土壤中對(duì)香豆酸含量比CK顯著高158.4%、329.2%和242.86%;連作6年和9年百合根際土壤中肉桂酸含量比CK,連作3年顯著高50%和55.56%,12.5%和16.67%。連作9年百合根際土壤中阿魏酸含量是CK、連作3年和連作6年的3倍。連作3、6和9年蘭州百合根際土壤中香草酸含量比CK顯著高20.74%、6.38%和14.36%;連作3、6和9年蘭州百合根際土壤中鄰苯二甲酸含量比CK顯著高138.16%、178.95%和168.42%。連作3、6和9年蘭州百合根際土壤中香蘭素含量比CK顯著高120.69%、43.10%和115.52%。綜上所述,蘭州百合連作田土壤鹽堿化、養(yǎng)分失衡、過(guò)氧化氫酶和蔗糖酶活性降低、酚酸類(lèi)物質(zhì)積累,生長(zhǎng)受到抑制,光合色素含量降低,光合能力下降,葉片活性氧代謝失調(diào),干物質(zhì)積累減少,鱗莖單重下降,產(chǎn)量降低。因此,在蘭州百合生產(chǎn)上最多連作6年,要積極合理輪作倒茬,并通過(guò)合理施肥等措施改善土壤環(huán)境,從而減輕連作障礙,實(shí)現(xiàn)蘭州百合高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)栽培。
[Abstract]:Lanzhou Lily (Lilium davidii var.unicolor) is Chinese unique "edible" sweet lily, also in Gansu Lanzhou two Southern District Yinshan pillar industry. Because of the long growth cycle, suitable area is narrow, many factors limited land resources and the interests of the driving cropping index increased, and the resistance to continuous cropping, continuous cropping obstacles are serious: variety degeneration, high disease, the decline in yield and quality. These problems seriously restrict the development of the industrialization of Lanzhou lily, become the production of practical problems need to be solved. In this paper, planted Lanzhou lily to never planted as control, the stubble for continuous cropping 3,6 and 9 years Lanzhou bihoteam four, growth the plants in the lily growth period, leaf photosynthetic pigment, fluorescent properties, antioxidant system, osmotic adjustment, dry matter accumulation and yield were determined. The simultaneous determination of physicochemical properties of Rhizosphere Soil and Lily Change of phenolic acids, reveal the regularity and mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle of lily, lily for the future to overcome continuous cropping obstacles, reasonable production plan, provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of high yield and quality of lily. Conclusions are as follows: 1. continuous cropping significantly inhibited the growth of Lanzhou lily, leaf area decreased, photosynthetic pigment content of leaves decreased, the maximum photochemical efficiency of Fv/Fm and the actual photochemical efficiency of Fv'/Fm'and the actual quantum yield of PS II decreased photosynthesis decreased significantly, reduced dry matter accumulation, the single bulb weight reduced, lily production decreased significantly reduced the.2. continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily leaf soluble protein content and SOD, POD, CAT activity, MDA and proline content increased, and with the number of cropping increase the degree aggravated. Continuous cropping can lead to active oxygen metabolism in Lily caused other physiological disorders, metabolic disorders, and the effects of continuous cropping on the dry matter accumulation of Lily And the yield of.3. with continuous cropping years increasing, soil pH value, salt content increased, with the trend of salinization; soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus content increased, reduce the content of available potassium, soil nutrient imbalance; reduce the activity of catalase and invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase increased.4. in Rhizosphere of continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily were detected in soil of 11 kinds of phenolic acids, the content is more than 1 g? G~ (-1) of p-coumaric acid, aconitic acid benzoic acid, vanillic acid phthalate two formic acid; content between 0.1~1 G? G~ (-1) between protocatechuic acid, vanillin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, cinnamic acid, and 2,4- Di tert butyl phenol; content of less than 0.1 g? G~ (-1) ferulic acid. With the advance of the growth stage, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, benzoic acid and 2,4- Di tert butyl phenol increased first and then decreased; two phthalic acid and ferulic acid with gradually reduced. The increase of continuous cropping years, Vanillic acid, phthalic acid two, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid. The accumulation of 3,6 and 9 years of continuous cropping Lily in the rhizosphere soil of p-coumaric acid was significantly higher than CK 158.4%, 329.2% and 242.86%; 6 and 9 years of continuous cropping of cinnamic acid content in Lily rhizosphere soil than CK. 3 years of continuous cropping were higher 50% and 55.56%, 12.5% and 16.67%. 9 years of continuous cropping of ferulic acid content in Lily rhizosphere soil is CK, 3 times 3 years of continuous cropping and continuous cropping for 6 years and 9 years of continuous cropping. 3,6 Lanzhou Lily rhizosphere soil CK was significantly higher than the vanillic acid content of 20.74%, 6.38% and 14.36%; continuous cropping and 3,6 9 years of Lanzhou Lily in the rhizosphere soil of the adjacent benzene two formic acid content was significantly higher than the CK 138.16%, 168.42%. 178.95% and 3,6 and 9 years continuous cropping of Lanzhou Lily in the rhizosphere soil of CK was significantly higher than the content of vanillin was 120.69%, 43.10% and 115.52%. in Lanzhou Lily cropping soil salinization, nutrient imbalance, catalase and invertase activity Reduce the accumulation of phenolic acids inhibited the growth, photosynthetic pigment content decreased, photosynthetic capacity decreased, leaf active oxygen metabolism disorders, reduced dry matter accumulation, single bulb weight decreased and the yield decreased. Therefore, in Lanzhou lily production up 6 years of continuous cropping, should actively rational rotation, and improve soil environment through the reasonable fertilization measures, so as to reduce the continuous cropping obstacle, achieve high yield and high quality cultivation of Lanzhou lily.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S682.29

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