本文選題：馬鈴薯糖苷生物堿　切入點：經(jīng)濟林病原真菌　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟林在林業(yè)經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展中的作用和地位的不斷提高,其病蟲害問題成為資源保護的焦點。當前,包括經(jīng)濟林在內(nèi)的植物病蟲害防治過于依賴化學藥劑,造成林木及周圍環(huán)境農(nóng)殘超標,嚴重影響經(jīng)濟林的生態(tài)效能、果實品質(zhì)、林中天敵及人類健康。因此,研制開發(fā)高效、低毒、環(huán)保和低成本的新型無公害農(nóng)藥便成為了亟待解決的問題。馬鈴薯糖苷生物堿作為一種新型天然提取物質(zhì),在抑制植物病原真菌方面具有一定潛力,但其抑菌機理還未見系統(tǒng)研究。因此,本文通過馬鈴薯糖苷生物堿對五種主要經(jīng)濟林病原真菌的抑菌活性測定,尋找供試敏感菌株,研究馬鈴薯糖苷生物堿對其菌體結(jié)構(gòu)、細胞形態(tài)以及物質(zhì)代謝等的影響,初步探明其抑制機理。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.離體條件下,馬鈴薯糖苷生物堿對五種經(jīng)濟林主要病原真菌:腐皮鐮刀菌(Fusarium solani)、核桃盤二孢菌(Marssonina juglands)、煤炱菌(Capnodiume leaophilum)、鏈格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)、膠孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)均表現(xiàn)一定的抑菌活性,且其抑制效果隨濃度增加而增強。其中,對腐皮鐮刀菌的抑菌活性最強,其EC50值為0.3036 g·m L-1。2.通過馬鈴薯糖苷生物堿的穩(wěn)定性研究發(fā)現(xiàn):在25℃、全光照、pH偏堿性條件下,馬鈴薯糖苷生物堿對供試敏感菌株——腐皮鐮刀菌的抑菌效果最好;而馬鈴薯糖苷生物堿具有良好的熱穩(wěn)定性。3.透射電鏡觀察顯示,經(jīng)馬鈴薯糖苷生物堿處理后,菌絲細胞壁呈泡狀起伏,外層結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,細胞膜不連續(xù),線粒體等細胞器結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,細胞外有可見內(nèi)含物外滲,表現(xiàn)出對菌體形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的顯著影響作用。4.物質(zhì)代謝研究表明,馬鈴薯糖苷生物堿破壞菌體細胞膜的選擇透性,引起內(nèi)部脂質(zhì)、蛋白質(zhì)和糖類等物質(zhì)的大量外滲,阻礙了菌體對還原性糖的水解,影響菌體營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的吸收利用,菌體的分解代謝受到了抑制。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of the role and status of economic forest in the sustainable development of forestry economy, the problem of plant diseases and insect pests becomes the focus of resource protection. At present, the control of plant diseases and insect pests, including economic forests, is too dependent on chemical chemicals. It causes the forest and its surrounding environment to exceed the standard, seriously affects the ecological efficiency, the fruit quality, the natural enemy and the human health of the economic forest. Therefore, the research and development of high efficiency and low toxicity, Environmental protection and low cost of new pollution-free pesticides have become a problem to be solved. As a new natural extract, potato glycoside alkaloids have a certain potential in inhibiting plant pathogenic fungi. However, the bacteriostatic mechanism of potato glycoside alkaloids has not been systematically studied. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of potato glycoside alkaloids against five main economic forest pathogenic fungi was determined to find the sensitive strains and to study the structure of potato glycoside alkaloids on their mycelia. The effects of cell morphology and substance metabolism on the inhibition mechanism were preliminarily investigated. The main results are as follows: 1. In vitro, Potato glycoside alkaloids showed certain antimicrobial activity against five main pathogenic fungi in economic forest: Fusarium solanii, Marssonina juglandsof walnut, Capnodiume leaophilumophilus, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The inhibitory effect was enhanced with the increase of concentration, among which, the inhibitory activity against Fusarium vulgaris was the strongest, its EC50 value was 0.3036 g mL ~ (-1). The stability of potato glycoside alkaloids was studied at 25 鈩，

本文編號：1671929