本文選題：煙草灰霉病　切入點(diǎn)：灰葡萄孢　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：煙草灰霉病是危害福建省煙草上的重要病害之一,尤其是三明煙區(qū),近年來由灰霉病造成的煙草經(jīng)濟(jì)損失十分嚴(yán)重。本研究結(jié)合福建省三明地區(qū)煙草灰霉病發(fā)生、危害與防治的實(shí)際,對主要煙區(qū)的灰霉病病原菌進(jìn)行了鑒定、室內(nèi)敏感性測定和煙草灰霉病的田間藥劑篩選,取得了如下結(jié)果:采用組織分離法對采自泰寧縣、建寧縣、永安市、清流縣、沙縣和大田縣煙草灰霉病進(jìn)行了病原分離,共分離到30個(gè)菌株,結(jié)合形態(tài)學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)特征(ITS區(qū)序列分析),將病原鑒定為灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)并在盆栽條件下進(jìn)行了致病性驗(yàn)證。通過菌絲生長速率法(MIC法)測定了從以上六縣市分離的30株灰霉病菌對化學(xué)農(nóng)藥吡唑醚菌酯+代森聯(lián)、異菌脲、嘧霉胺、啶酰菌胺及腐霉利的敏感性。結(jié)果表明:福建三明地區(qū)煙草灰霉病菌對嘧霉胺藥劑已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了較為嚴(yán)重的抗性,而且對該藥劑的高抗頻率較高;異菌脲與腐霉利高濃度藥劑雖對灰霉病菌有一定的抑制效果,但是也表現(xiàn)較為明顯的抗性;三明地區(qū)煙草灰霉病菌對吡唑醚菌酯+代森聯(lián)和啶酰菌胺的抗性水平相對較低。選擇上述藥劑在泰寧、明溪和永安三地進(jìn)行了田間防治煙草灰霉病試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:在泰寧縣,唑醚·代森聯(lián)、異菌脲、腐霉利、啶酰菌胺對煙草灰霉病菌對有較好的防效,最高防效達(dá)52.26%,但是,實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),異菌脲與腐霉利的大量使用會影響部分煙株的正常生長;在明溪縣,唑醚·代森聯(lián)和啶酰菌胺表現(xiàn)出較好的防治效果,而其他供試的三種藥劑易受氣候條件的影響;在永安,嘧霉胺、腐霉利、啶酰菌胺對煙草灰霉病有良好且穩(wěn)定的防效,在第五次施藥后,其防效分別可達(dá)88.06%,91.04%和89.39%,異菌脲則表現(xiàn)出較差的防效,第五次施藥后的防效僅為39.14%。綜合上述結(jié)果,在煙草灰霉病重病區(qū)需要進(jìn)行密集的抗性監(jiān)測,以利于煙草灰霉病田間科學(xué)用藥的指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Tobacco grey mold is one of the most important tobacco diseases in Fujian Province, especially in Sanming tobacco area. The economic loss caused by grey mold is very serious in recent years. This study combined with the occurrence of tobacco grey mold in Sanming area of Fujian Province. In the field of harmfulness and control, the pathogen of grey mold in main tobacco area was identified, the indoor sensitivity was determined and the field insecticide screening of tobacco grey mold was carried out. The results were as follows: the tissue separation method was used to separate the pathogen from Taining County and Jianning County. In Yongan City, Qingliu County, Sha County and Datian County, the pathogen of tobacco gray mold was isolated, and a total of 30 strains were isolated. Combined with morphological and molecular biological characteristics of its region sequence analysis, the pathogen was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers.and the pathogenicity was verified under pot culture. The pathogenicity of the pathogen was determined by mycelium growth rate method (MIC method) from the above six counties and cities. A total of 30 strains of cinerea cinerea were isolated from the chemical pesticide pyrazole. The sensitivity of Isozotol, pyridamine, pyridamine and Pythium. The results showed that the tobacco cinerea in Sanming area of Fujian Province had a serious resistance to pyridamine, and had a high frequency of resistance to it. Although the high concentration of isosarbazone and Pythium had a certain inhibitory effect on the cinerea, it also showed obvious resistance. The resistance level of tobacco cinerea to pyrazolyl ether ester and pyrazole was relatively low in Sanming area. The field control experiments were carried out in Taining, Mingxi and Yongan. The results showed that: 1. Azoloxyether, isocyanuron, Pythium and pyrimidine had a better control effect against tobacco cinerea, the highest control effect was 52.26. However, it was found in the experiment that the large use of iso-urea and Pythium would affect the normal growth of some tobacco plants. In Mingxi County, the control effects of the three agents were better, while the other three insecticides were susceptible to climatic conditions, while in Yongan, pyridamole, Pythium, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, After the fifth application, the control effect was 88.06% 91.04% and 89.39%, respectively, while isobiourea showed a poor control effect, and the control effect was only 39.14% after the fifth application, and the control effect was only 39.14% after the fifth application. Intensive resistance monitoring should be carried out in the area of tobacco grey mold disease in order to guide the scientific application of tobacco grey mold disease in the field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.72

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