本文選題：玉米秸稈　切入點：資源綜合利用　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)作物秸稈是一種寶貴的可再生資源,秸稈資源綜合利用是提高農(nóng)業(yè)效益、節(jié)約資源能源、保護生態(tài)環(huán)境、增加農(nóng)民收入的有效途徑。吉林省是我國玉米生產(chǎn)大省,年玉米秸稈產(chǎn)生量約占全國秸稈總量的80%以上,位居全國前列。近年來,吉林省逐步重視玉米秸稈綜合利用,不斷加大政策引導(dǎo)扶持,制定出臺秸稈運輸綠色通道、秸稈初加工用電優(yōu)惠等政策,加快推進重大項目建設(shè),玉米秸稈綜合利用產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展水平不斷增高。但從當(dāng)前情況看,仍存在企業(yè)規(guī)模小、技術(shù)水平不高、政策支持力度不夠、收儲運體系尚未建立等諸多問題。首先,本文基于吉林省玉米秸稈綜合利用現(xiàn)狀,運用系統(tǒng)工程、農(nóng)林經(jīng)濟管理等多學(xué)科理論與方法,采用理論分析、計算機測算與實證研究相結(jié)合、宏觀與微觀相結(jié)合的綜合研究方法,總結(jié)了我國農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用現(xiàn)狀趨勢,測算出吉林省2008-2014年玉米秸稈產(chǎn)量、收集量以及利用量,分析得出吉林省玉米秸稈綜合利用過程中存在秸稈收儲體系尚未建立、政府補助投入不足、秸稈還田技術(shù)未得到廣泛推廣應(yīng)用、秸稈綜合利用技術(shù)不成熟以及缺少政策支持等問題。其次,運用AHP方法,以經(jīng)濟潛力、生態(tài)潛力、社會潛力及技術(shù)潛力為準則層,選取9個政策需求指標構(gòu)建指標體系,定量分析吉林省玉米秸稈綜合利用潛力提升政策需求。研究認為提升吉林省玉米秸稈綜合利用潛力的政策需求主要是建立秸稈綜合利用產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,推進秸稈商業(yè)化利用、建立完善的科技成果促進轉(zhuǎn)化機制、設(shè)立有效的政策補助和科技獎勵政策、加快推進秸稈收儲運服務(wù)體系建設(shè)等。最后,根據(jù)AHP評價結(jié)果,針對玉米秸稈綜合利用產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策需求,提出了符合吉林省實際的對策與建議,為吉林省切實加大秸稈轉(zhuǎn)化力度,提高秸稈綜合利用水平,實現(xiàn)資源節(jié)約、環(huán)境保護和農(nóng)民增收,促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Crop straw is a valuable renewable resource. Comprehensive utilization of straw resource is an effective way to improve agricultural efficiency, save energy, protect ecological environment and increase farmers' income. Jilin Province is a big province of maize production in China. In recent years, Jilin Province has gradually attached importance to the comprehensive utilization of corn straw, increased policy guidance and support, and formulated a green channel for straw transportation. In order to speed up the construction of major projects, the industrial development level of comprehensive utilization of corn straw is constantly rising. However, from the current situation, there are still small enterprises, low technical level and insufficient policy support. First of all, based on the status quo of comprehensive utilization of corn straw in Jilin Province, this paper uses multi-disciplinary theories and methods, such as system engineering, agriculture and forestry economic management, to adopt theoretical analysis. This paper summarizes the current situation of comprehensive utilization of crop straw in China, and calculates the yield, collection and utilization of corn straw from 2008 to 2014 in Jilin Province. It is concluded that in the process of comprehensive utilization of maize straw in Jilin Province, the system of straw collection and storage has not been established, the government subsidy investment is insufficient, and the technology of returning straw to the field has not been widely applied. Secondly, using AHP method, taking economic potential, ecological potential, social potential and technical potential as the criterion layer, 9 policy demand indicators are selected to construct the index system. The policy demand of improving the comprehensive utilization potential of maize straw in Jilin Province is analyzed quantitatively. The policy demand for enhancing the comprehensive utilization potential of maize straw in Jilin Province is mainly to establish the industrial chain of comprehensive utilization of corn straw and to promote the commercialization of straw utilization. Establish a perfect mechanism to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, establish effective policy subsidies and scientific and technological reward policies, accelerate the construction of straw storage, storage and transportation service system, etc. Finally, according to the evaluation results of AHP, In view of the policy demand of the industry development of corn straw comprehensive utilization, the countermeasures and suggestions in line with the actual situation of Jilin Province are put forward, which can effectively increase the transformation of the straw, improve the comprehensive utilization level of the straw, and realize the resource saving. Environmental protection and farmers' income increase, to promote the sustainable development of agriculture and ecological civilization to provide theoretical basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.214

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