本文選題：桃　切入點(diǎn)：DMPP　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：氮肥在增加作物產(chǎn)量、提高農(nóng)作物品質(zhì)等方面發(fā)揮重要作用。近年來,尿素在我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中使用廣泛,氮素易被土壤中的脲酶水解成氨,進(jìn)而氧化成銨態(tài)氮,銨態(tài)氮經(jīng)過硝化作用轉(zhuǎn)化成硝態(tài)氮。由于硝態(tài)氮不易被土壤吸附,會經(jīng)過淋溶、反硝化、徑流等方式進(jìn)入大氣和水體中,造成土壤、大氣、水體等環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重污染。因此,如何通過調(diào)控氮素的硝化作用,控制銨態(tài)氮向硝態(tài)氮的轉(zhuǎn)化,對提高氮素利用率、減少環(huán)境污染意義重大。本試驗以此為切入點(diǎn),以1年生‘霞脆/毛桃’(Prunus persica(Carr.)Franch.)為試材,通過盆栽試驗,采用15N同位素示蹤技術(shù),研究復(fù)混肥添加不同劑量DMPP(3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸鹽)及生化黃腐酸鉀對氮素轉(zhuǎn)化及其吸收利用率的影響,并進(jìn)行田間試驗驗證,以期為桃樹高效施肥提供理論參考。試驗結(jié)果表明:1、盆栽幼樹試驗中,復(fù)混肥添加不同劑量DMPP和生化黃腐酸鉀處理,土壤中銨態(tài)氮含量均高于對照(單施復(fù)混肥)。處理75天后與處理15天后相比,對照土壤銨態(tài)氮含量降低了93.06%、0.5%DMPP處理(T1)降低了84.65%、1%DMPP處理(T2)降低了83.38%、2%DMPP處理(T3)降低了85.99%、生化黃腐酸鉀處理(T4)降低了81.47%;土壤中硝態(tài)氮含量變化趨勢則與銨態(tài)氮相反。比較不同處理的NO3--N含量發(fā)現(xiàn),各個時期表現(xiàn)為對照DMPP處理生化黃腐酸鉀處理;在DMPP處理中,0.5%DMPP處理2%DMPP處理1%DMPP處理。處理75天后與處理15天后相比,各處理土壤中硝態(tài)氮含量分別增加了3.32倍(CK)、2.65倍(T1)、2.74倍(T2)、2.74(T3)、2.53(T4)、2.46(T5)。2、復(fù)混肥添加不同劑量DMPP及生化黃腐酸鉀提高了桃幼樹各個器官對氮素吸收征調(diào)能力,各器官Ndff值表現(xiàn)為葉片莖根,差異顯著;DMPP處理和生化黃腐酸鉀處理各器官的Ndff值均高于對照。DMPP處理提高了桃幼樹對氮素吸收利用率,與對照相比,0.5%DMPP處理、1%DMPP處理、2%DMPP處理和生化黃腐酸鉀處理15N利用率分別提高了14.79%、34.15%、30.57%、17.43%。添加DMPP和生化黃腐酸鉀處理后對土壤中過氧化氫酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶等酶的活性影響明顯。3、在大田試驗中,在距樹干50 cm以內(nèi)進(jìn)行均勻施肥處理,在近施肥點(diǎn)(距樹干50 c m處)和遠(yuǎn)施肥點(diǎn)(距樹干100 cm處)取土樣測定分析,結(jié)果表明,與單施復(fù)混肥(I)相比,DMPP(II)和黃腐酸鉀(III)處理,近施肥點(diǎn)土壤銨態(tài)氮均高于對照,處理75天后與處理15天后相比,DMPP處理的銨態(tài)氮含量下降了79.78%、黃腐酸鉀處理的銨態(tài)氮含量下降了80.24%、對照處理的土壤銨態(tài)氮含量下降了84.15%。遠(yuǎn)離施肥點(diǎn)變化不大;而近施肥點(diǎn)土壤硝態(tài)氮呈上升趨,遠(yuǎn)施肥點(diǎn)沒有顯著差異。可見,DMPP和黃腐酸鉀均可延緩近施肥點(diǎn)土壤中銨態(tài)氮向硝態(tài)氮的轉(zhuǎn)化。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in increasing crop yield and improving crop quality. In recent years, urea has been widely used in agricultural production in China. Nitrogen is easily hydrolyzed into ammonia by urease in soil and then oxidized to ammonium nitrogen. Ammonium nitrogen is transformed into nitrate nitrogen by nitrification. Because nitrate nitrogen is not easily adsorbed by soil, it will enter the atmosphere and water body by means of leaching, denitrification and runoff, resulting in serious environmental pollution of soil, atmosphere, water body and so on. How to control the conversion of ammonium to nitrate by regulating the nitrification of nitrogen is of great significance to improve the nitrogen utilization rate and reduce environmental pollution. This experiment takes this as the cut-in point and takes Prunus persicaer Carr. Franch. as the test material. The effects of adding different doses of DMPP3 (4-dimethylpyrazolium phosphate) and biochemical potassium fulvic acid on nitrogen conversion and absorption efficiency of compound fertilizer were studied by 15N isotope tracer technique in pot experiment. In order to provide theoretical reference for high efficiency fertilization of peach trees, the results showed that in the experiment of potted young trees, different doses of DMPP and biochemical potassium fulvic acid were added to compound fertilizer. The content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil was higher than that in the control (single application of compound fertilizer). After 75 days treatment and 15 days treatment, the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil was higher than that in the control. The content of ammonium nitrogen in the control soil decreased 93.06% and 0.5DMPP treatment (T1) decreased 84.65 DMPP treatment (T2) decreased 83.38% DMPP treatment (T3) decreased 85.99g%, biochemical potassium fulvic acid treatment (T4) decreased 81.470.The trend of nitrate content in soil was opposite to that of ammonium nitrogen. The NO3--N content of the same treatment was found, Each stage was treated with biochemical potassium fulvic acid in contrast with DMPP, and with 0.5 DMPP and 2 DMPP with 1 DMPP in DMPP, and 75 days after treatment with 1 DMPP, compared with 15 days after treatment. The content of nitrate nitrogen in soil increased by 3.32 times (2.65 times) and 2.74 times (T _ (2) 2) ~ (2. 74) (P < 0.05). The addition of compound fertilizer with different doses of DMPP and biochemical potassium fulvate increased the nitrogen uptake and regulation ability of all organs of young peach trees, and the Ndff values of each organ were as follows: leaf stem and root. The Ndff values of organs treated with DMPP and biochemical fulvic acid potassium were significantly higher than those of the control. DMPP increased the nitrogen uptake efficiency of young peach trees. Compared with the control, the utilization rates of DMPP treatment and biochemical potassium fulvic acid treatment were increased by 14.79and 34.15and 30.577.43, respectively. The soil catalase, phosphatase and sucrase were treated with DMPP and biochemical potassium fulvate, respectively. The effect of urease and other enzymes on the activity of urease was obvious. In the field experiment, uniform fertilization was carried out within 50 cm from the trunk, and soil samples from the near fertilization point (50 cm from the trunk) and the distant fertilization point (100 cm from the trunk) were measured and analyzed. Compared with DMPP II) and potassium fulvic acid II) treatments, soil ammonium nitrogen in the near fertilization point was higher than that in the control. After 75 days and 15 days, the ammonium nitrogen content of DMPP treatment decreased 79.78, the ammonium nitrogen content of potassium fulvic acid treatment decreased by 80.244.15, and the soil ammonium nitrogen content of control treatment decreased by 84.15. However, there was no significant difference in nitrate-N in the near fertilization site, but there was no significant difference in the distant fertilization point, so DMPP and potassium fulvic acid could delay the transformation of NH4 + to NO3-N in the soil near the fertilizing point.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S662.1

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