發(fā)布時間：2018-03-17 01:06

  本文選題：集群　切入點：群體選擇　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：集群是魚類常見的生態(tài)行為,魚群的形成和維持依賴于魚類對群體大小的辨別,即數(shù)值辨別能力。本文開展了2個方面的研究:(1)不同群體大小對麥穗魚(Pseudorasbora parva)和高體溠湉(Rhodeus ocellatus)的集群行為的影響研究;(2)鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)和草魚(Ctenopharynodon idellus)的群體偏好和數(shù)值辨別能力研究。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.麥穗魚2個體組的最近鄰距離(NND)顯著高于4、8和16個體組,而高體溠湉的2和4個體組的NND顯著大于8個體組;兩種魚的2和4個體組的群體排列的極性都顯著高于8和16個體組。2.麥穗魚和高體溠湉的不同群體大小的實驗魚自發(fā)游泳速度介于2~6 cm/s(相當(dāng)于0~2 BL/s)之間。不同群體大小組游泳速度的同步性有顯著差異,兩種魚的2個體組游泳速度的同步性都顯著高于4和16個體組。3.無論測試目標(biāo)魚為單尾鳊、單尾草魚、兩尾鳊、兩尾草魚,還是混合的1尾鳊+1尾草魚,均表現(xiàn)出集群偏好(顯著偏好于刺激魚群一側(cè)),但鳊的集群偏好性比草魚高。4.當(dāng)以單尾目標(biāo)魚為選擇主體時,鳊和草魚在2 vs.8時偏向大群體的一方,并顯著大于隨機概率50%;而對4 vs.8、6 vs.8和8 vs.8魚群的選擇不再具有偏向性。5.當(dāng)以兩尾目標(biāo)魚為選擇主體時,鳊的數(shù)值辨別能力與單尾目標(biāo)魚相似,而草魚對2 vs.8、4 vs.8和6 vs.8魚群的選擇正確率顯著大于隨機概率50%,表明數(shù)值識別能力顯著提高;鳊+草魚混合組能辨別2 vs.8和4 vs.8。6.草魚總體上更為活躍,更多的在兩刺激魚群穿梭;在混合組中鳊有超過35%以上的穿梭是跟隨草魚進行的,相反草魚只有不到4%的穿梭是跟隨鳊進行。結(jié)果表明:1.麥穗魚和高體溠湉幼魚有典型的集群偏好和集群行為,且隨群體中個體數(shù)量的增加,凝聚力上升,但協(xié)調(diào)性有所下降。2.與單尾草魚相比,雙尾草魚的數(shù)值辨別能力顯著提高,表明合作有利于提高草魚幼魚的數(shù)值敏銳性,其機制可能涉及“精英領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機制”。3.單尾鳊和雙尾鳊的數(shù)值辨別能力較低,可能與其膽小的個性有關(guān);混合組鳊魚數(shù)值辨別能力的提高可能與同伴草魚活躍性及鳊的跟隨行為所致。
[Abstract]:Colony is a common ecological behavior of fish. The formation and maintenance of fish depends on the identification of population size by fish. The effects of different population sizes on the cluster behavior of Pseudorasbora parvaa and Rhodeus ocellatus) were studied in two aspects: Parabramis pekinensis) and Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The main results are as follows: 1. The nearest neighbor distance (NNDD) of wheat ear fish group 2 was significantly higher than that of 4 8 and 16 individuals. The NND of 2 and 4 individuals with high body was significantly higher than that of 8 individuals. The polarity of population arrangement of 2 and 4 individual groups of both species was significantly higher than that of 8 and 16 individuals. The spontaneous swimming speed of different population sizes of wheat spikfish and high-bodied fish was between 2 ~ 6 cm / s (equivalent to 0 ~ 2 BLP 路s), and different groups of them were in the range of 2 ~ 6 cm / s (equal to 0 ~ 2 BL / s). There were significant differences in the synchronism of swimming speed in large group swimming. The synchronism of swimming velocities in two individual groups of both species was significantly higher than that in groups 4 and 16. No matter whether the target fish was single bream, single grass carp, two bream, two grass carp, or a mixed one bream. The group preference of bream was higher than that of grass carp. When single-tailed target fish was used as the main selection subject, bream and grass carp were inclined to one side of large population at 2 vs.8, but the group preference of bream and grass carp was higher than that of grass carp at 2 vs.8, but the group preference of bream and grass carp was higher than that of grass carp. The results showed that the selection of 4vs.8c6 vs.8 and 8 vs.8 fish groups was significantly larger than the random probability of 50. 5. when two target fishes were used as the main selection subjects, the numerical discriminant ability of the two target fishes was similar to that of the single-tailed target fish. The accuracy rate of grass carp selection for 2vs.8n4 vs.8 and 6 vs.8 fish was significantly higher than that of random probability 50, which indicated that the numerical recognition ability was improved significantly, and the mixture group could distinguish 2 vs.8 and 4 vs.8.6. Grass carp was more active in general, and more shuttle between the two stimuli. In the mixed group, more than 35% of the shuttles were followed by grass carp, whereas less than 4% of them were followed by bream. The results showed that the wheatfish and the young fishes had typical cluster preference and cluster behavior. With the increase of individual population, the cohesion increased, but the coordination decreased .2.Compared with the single grass carp, the numerical discrimination ability of the two-tailed grass carp increased significantly, which indicated that cooperation could improve the numerical acuity of the juvenile grass carp. The mechanism may involve "elite leadership mechanism" .3.The numerical discrimination ability of single and double bream is relatively low, which may be related to its timid personality. The improvement of numerical discriminant ability of bream in mixed group may be due to the activity of grass carp and the following behavior of bream.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4

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本文編號：1622462