微生物制劑對西瓜枯萎病的防治研究
本文選題:西瓜 切入點(diǎn):枯萎病 出處:《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:西瓜枯萎病是西瓜的主要病害之一,是一種毀滅性的維管束土傳病害。其致病菌尖孢鐮刀菌有很強(qiáng)的定殖力,可以在土壤中越冬并存活數(shù)年之久,并且防治難度大,眾多方法中人們越來越青睞于生物防治。利用生防菌劑是進(jìn)行生物防治的主要方法,生防菌劑在環(huán)境兼容性和安全性上具有傳統(tǒng)防治方法如化學(xué)防治、農(nóng)業(yè)防治等無法比擬的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。利用生防菌劑防治西瓜枯萎病的關(guān)鍵是找到對西瓜枯萎病致病菌有強(qiáng)抑制作用的生防菌,本實(shí)驗(yàn)室具有長期生防菌研究利用的經(jīng)驗(yàn),在此基礎(chǔ)上對西瓜枯萎病的生防菌進(jìn)行了篩選并進(jìn)行固態(tài)發(fā)酵制成微生物制劑,并采用盆缽試驗(yàn)和田間實(shí)驗(yàn),分別在根際施用微生物制劑對西瓜枯萎病的防治效果、對西瓜植株生長的促生作用以及對西瓜產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)的影響進(jìn)行了研究,獲得了如下主要結(jié)果:(1)將實(shí)驗(yàn)室已保藏的功能菌與分離得到西瓜枯萎病病原菌在實(shí)驗(yàn)室通過平板對峙法進(jìn)行了拮抗微生物篩選,并篩選出了幾株拮抗性較強(qiáng)的菌株。其中菌株Y1、D-10、M-43、M-16對西瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率較好,其抑制率分別為79.1%、75.0%、70.8%、68.8%。(2)通過盆缽試驗(yàn)在苗期施用不同處理、不同濃度的微生物制劑觀察對西瓜生長的影響。其中處理T1、T2、T3、T5、T6及T7對西瓜的出苗率及各生長指標(biāo)影響不同,隨著菌劑施加濃度的減小而呈現(xiàn)增大的趨勢;而處理T4則是隨著施加濃度的增大而呈現(xiàn)明顯的促生效果。綜合各項(xiàng)指標(biāo),得出了7個(gè)處理的最適施加濃度分別為0.5%、0.5%、1%、3%、1%、0.5%和0.5%。(3)處理T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6及T7對西瓜枯萎病有著不同程度的防治效果,其中處理T3的防效最好,防治率達(dá)到68.2%,其次為T6、T7,其防治率分別是61.04%和56.36%。在生長、光合速率及根系活力等方面,不同處理的結(jié)果不同。其中T3長勢最好,鮮重增加達(dá)到63.9%,株高增加66.7%,根長增加81.9%;T3光合速率最大,其值為15.97μmol·m-2·s-1,T6、T4和T7對西瓜光合作用的影響也較為顯著。處理T6、T3、T4和T7根系活力較好,其中T6達(dá)到最大值,其次是T3。(4)從田間實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果看,T4防治效果最好,無發(fā)病植株,其次為T7,防治率達(dá)到75%,T6和T3的防治效果也較為顯著;T4的西瓜產(chǎn)量最高,比對照提高了14.7%,其次為T3,其產(chǎn)量提高了10.5%;T3、T7、T4和T6各處理西瓜果實(shí)可溶性固形物都有不同程度增加,分別比對照提高16.9%、12.5%、9.7%和9.3%。且施加微生物制劑可改變西瓜根際土壤中微生物含量,可一定程度改善植株根際土壤微生物環(huán)境。(5)綜合其防治效果以及對西瓜植株生長的影響,篩選出了2個(gè)較好的處理,分別是T3和T4。
[Abstract]:Watermelon wilt is one of the major diseases of watermelon, and is a destructive vascular bundle soil-borne disease. The pathogen Fusarium oxysporum has strong colonization ability, it can live in the soil for several years, and it is difficult to control. Biological control is more and more popular in many methods. Biocontrol agents are the main methods of biological control. Biocontrol agents have traditional control methods such as chemical control in environmental compatibility and safety. The key of using biocontrol agent to control watermelon wilt is to find biocontrol bacteria which can inhibit the pathogen of watermelon wilt. On the basis of this, the biocontrol bacteria of watermelon wilt were screened, and the microbial preparation was prepared by solid state fermentation. The control effect of microbial preparation on watermelon wilt was studied by pot experiment and field experiment, respectively. In this paper, the growth promoting effect of watermelon plant and the effect on the yield and quality of watermelon were studied. The main results were as follows: 1) screening of antagonistic microorganism between the functional bacteria preserved in the laboratory and the pathogen of watermelon wilt in the laboratory by means of plate confrontation. Several strains with strong antagonism were screened out, among which strain Y1OD-10M-43M-16 had better inhibition rate against watermelon wilt pathogen, its inhibition rate was 79.1% and 75.00%, respectively, and the inhibition rate was 79.01%, 70.8% and 68.8% respectively, and different treatments were applied in seedling stage by pot pot test. The effects of different concentrations of microbial agents on the growth of watermelon were observed. Among them, the seedling emergence rate and growth indexes of watermelon treated with T1T2T2T3T3T5T6 and T7 were different, which increased with the decrease of the concentration of the fungicides applied. The treatment of T4 showed obvious growth promoting effect with the increase of the applied concentration. By synthesizing all the indexes, the optimum applied concentration of the seven treatments was 0.5% and 0.5%, respectively, and 0.5% and 0.5%, respectively. The treatment of T1T2T2T3OT4T4T4T5T6 and T7 had different control effects on watermelon Fusarium wilt, and the results showed that T4, T4, T5, T6 and T7 had different control effects on watermelon wilt disease in different degrees, while T4, T4, T5, T6 and T7 had different effects on watermelon Fusarium wilt. Among them, treatment T3 had the best control effect, the control rate reached 68.2%, followed by T6 T7, the control rate was 61.04% and 56.36.The results of different treatments were different in terms of growth, photosynthetic rate and root activity, among which T3 growth was the best. Fresh weight increased to 63.9, plant height increased by 66.7, root length increased by 81.9 and T3 photosynthetic rate was the highest, and the effects of T4 and T7 on photosynthesis of watermelon were also significant. The root activities of T6T3T4 and T7 were better, and T6 reached the maximum. Secondly, T3. 4) the control effect of T4 was the best in the field experiment, and no diseased plants, followed by T7. The watermelon yield was the highest when the control rate reached 75% T6 and T3. Compared with the control, the content of soluble solids in watermelon fruit was increased by 10.5% and 10.5% respectively, and the soluble solids of watermelon fruit were increased by 16.912.5g% and 9.3%, respectively, compared with the control, and the microorganism content of watermelon rhizosphere soil could be changed by the application of microorganism preparation, and the content of soluble solids in watermelon fruit was increased by 10.5% and 10.5% respectively, compared with the control, and the content of soluble solids was increased by 16.912.5g% and 9.3%, respectively. The microorganism environment of rhizosphere soil can be improved to some extent.) the control effect and the effect on the growth of watermelon plant were synthesised. Two better treatments, T3 and T4, were selected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:S436.5
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