本文選題：培養(yǎng)基　切入點(diǎn)：營養(yǎng)鹽　出處：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)對投放培養(yǎng)基后池塘表層底泥中不同形態(tài)氮和磷的季節(jié)變化,及氮磷與底棲餌料生物的關(guān)系,間隙水中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的變化,培養(yǎng)基中添加糖蜜和腐殖酸對底棲餌料生物的影響,以及使用培養(yǎng)基后水質(zhì)及表層底泥中不同有機(jī)質(zhì)的變化進(jìn)行了研究,為培養(yǎng)基的科學(xué)合理使用及培養(yǎng)基配方優(yōu)化提供了理論依據(jù),試驗(yàn)主要結(jié)論如下:1、不同形態(tài)氮的變化特征及相關(guān)性本實(shí)驗(yàn)在模擬池塘投放培養(yǎng)基后,測定表層底泥中不同形態(tài)氮的變化。結(jié)果表明:處理組可轉(zhuǎn)化態(tài)氮(TTN)中的離子交換態(tài)氮(IEF-N)、弱酸可提取態(tài)氮(WAEF-N)、強(qiáng)堿可提取態(tài)氮(SAEF-N)、強(qiáng)氧化劑可提取態(tài)氮(SOEF-N)的含量隨著培養(yǎng)基的投放量的增加而增加;對照組中IEF-N含量大于處理組,其他幾種形態(tài)氮都基本小于處理組。各組IEF-N、SAEF-N、SOEF-N從春季到秋季的含量基本表現(xiàn)為逐漸減少。另外,對其相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),WAEF-N和SAEF-N有利于底棲餌料生物的培育,而SOEF-N不利于底棲餌料生物的繁殖。各形態(tài)氮中都是氨態(tài)氮(NH4+-N)含量最高,其次為硝態(tài)氮(NO3--N),亞硝態(tài)氮(NO2--N)含量最少。2、不同形態(tài)磷的變化特征及相關(guān)性本實(shí)驗(yàn)在模擬池塘投放培養(yǎng)基后,測定表層底泥中不同形態(tài)磷的變化。結(jié)果表明:各組無機(jī)磷(IP)中的各形態(tài)磷含量高低表現(xiàn)為鋁結(jié)合態(tài)磷(Al-P)鈣結(jié)合態(tài)磷(Ca-P)鐵結(jié)合態(tài)磷(Fe-P)弱吸附態(tài)磷(Labile-P),且各組中Labile-P、Al-P及Ca-P的含量基本隨著培養(yǎng)基投放量的增加而增加,培養(yǎng)基的投放對池塘磷的貢獻(xiàn)主要體現(xiàn)為增加Labile-P及Fe-P的供給潛力;對各形態(tài)磷之間的相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn)Fe-P與Ca-P之間存在相互轉(zhuǎn)化的關(guān)系,Fe-P與搖蚊幼蟲也存在一定的相關(guān)性。3、間隙水中營養(yǎng)鹽的變化特征本實(shí)驗(yàn)在模擬池塘中投放培養(yǎng)基后,采用Peeper裝置采集間隙水,測定其中亞鐵離子(Fe2+)、磷酸鹽(PO43--P)、硝態(tài)氮(NO3--N)及氨態(tài)氮(NH4+-N)的濃度變化。結(jié)果表明:各組間隙水中Fe2+和NH4+-N的含量從上到下逐漸增加,在5cm深處出現(xiàn)趨于穩(wěn)定,不同季節(jié)之間縱向變化趨勢變化不大;NO3--N含量在春季表現(xiàn)為從上到下逐漸降低的趨勢,夏季到秋季深處有增加的趨勢,PO43--P的縱向季節(jié)變化與NO3--N相反;通過各組之間營養(yǎng)鹽含量的比較發(fā)現(xiàn)處理組都基本高于對照組,且基本都是處理組2最高,即培養(yǎng)基按1.35×104 kg/ha的比列投放對間隙水中營養(yǎng)鹽的影響最大。另外,研究了種植伊樂藻對間隙水中營養(yǎng)鹽的影響,研究表明,在春夏秋三季都可以明顯降低間隙水中Fe2+、PO43--P、NH4+-N的含量,而對NO3--N去除效果,僅在夏季較明顯。4、培養(yǎng)基優(yōu)化研究為了增強(qiáng)餌料生物的培育效果,本實(shí)驗(yàn)在原培養(yǎng)基的基礎(chǔ)上添加了適量的蜜糖和腐殖酸,觀察培育效果,并監(jiān)測常規(guī)水質(zhì)變化。結(jié)果表明,添加蜜糖和腐殖酸有助于增強(qiáng)餌料生物的培育,且蜜糖添加組顯著高于原培養(yǎng)基組(P0.05)。溶解氧(DO)表現(xiàn)為蜜糖添加組高于腐殖酸添加組高于原培養(yǎng)基組;電導(dǎo)率(EC)與溶解性總固體(TDS)表現(xiàn)為原培養(yǎng)基組最高,蜜糖添加組最低。在對水中氮、磷的影響方面,腐殖酸添加組的亞硝態(tài)氮(NO2--N)、磷酸鹽(PO43--P)及總磷(TP)的含量高于蜜糖添加組和原培養(yǎng)基組,硝態(tài)氮(NO3--N)、氨態(tài)氮(NH4+-N)及總氮(TN)表現(xiàn)為原培養(yǎng)基組略高于其他兩組。表層底泥中總有機(jī)質(zhì)(TOM)和溶解性有機(jī)質(zhì)(DOM)表現(xiàn)為腐殖酸添加組最高,原培養(yǎng)基組最低,差異不顯著(P0.05),三種活性有機(jī)質(zhì)(活性有機(jī)質(zhì)(LOM)、中活性有機(jī)質(zhì)(MLOM)及高活性有機(jī)質(zhì)(HLOM))的含量表現(xiàn)為蜜糖添加組最高,原培養(yǎng)基組最低,差異不顯著(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:The test of the training on seasonal variation of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface sediments of the pond base, and the relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus and benthic food organisms, changes in pore water nutrients, the effects of molasses and humic acid on benthic food organisms in the medium, and the use of medium changes after different organic matter of sediment water and in the surface were studied for the rational use of medium and medium science provides a theoretical basis for optimization, the main conclusions are as follows: 1, the variation characteristics and correlation of different forms of nitrogen in this experiment simulated pond put medium after the determination of the change of different forms of nitrogen in the surface sediments. The result shows that: group of transferable nitrogen (TTN) in ion exchangeable nitrogen (IEF-N), weak acid extractable nitrogen (WAEF-N), strong alkali extractable nitrogen (SAEF-N), a strong oxidant extractable nitrogen (SOEF-N) content with medium The amount of the increase of IEF-N content; in the control group than the treatment group, several other forms of nitrogen are less than the basic treatment groups. IEF-N, SAEF-N, SOEF-N content from spring to autumn was gradually reduced. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that WAEF-N and SAEF-N are conducive to the cultivation of benthic food organisms. While SOEF-N is not conducive to the benthic food organisms reproduce. Are the various forms of nitrogen in ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) content was the highest, followed by nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) content of at least.2, variation and correlation of different forms of phosphorus in this experiment simulated pond put medium after determination the changes of different forms of phosphorus in the surface sediment. The results showed: each group of inorganic phosphorus (IP) high and low content of different forms of phosphorus in the performance of aluminum bound phosphorus (Al-P) calcium bound phosphorus (Ca-P) iron bound phosphorus (Fe-P) phosphorus (Labile-P), and Labi group Le-P, Al-P and Ca-P content increase with the increase of basic medium amount and medium on the pond P contribution is mainly reflected in the increase of Labile-P and Fe-P on the supply potential; correlation between phosphorus analysis found that there is a relationship of mutual conversion between Fe-P and Ca-P, Fe-P and.3 are chironomid larvae correlation, variation characteristics of nutrients in the interstitial water of the medium in this experiment on the simulation in the pond, using Peeper device to collect interstitial water, the determination of ferrous ion (Fe2+), phosphate (PO43--P), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentration. The results showed that the content of Fe2+ and NH4+-N in interstitial water were increased gradually from top to bottom, in the depth of 5cm tends to be stable in different seasons between the longitudinal change trend of little change in the spring; the content of NO3--N is gradually reduced from the top to the bottom of the trend of summer The autumn season to depths increased, the seasonal changes and the NO3--N PO43--P longitudinal contrast; through the comparison between the nutrient content in the treatment group are higher than that of the control group, and treatment group are 2 highest, namely medium by 1.35 * 104 kg/ha has put impact on the gap of nutrients in the largest. In addition, the planting of Elodea effects of nutrients in the interstitial water research shows that in the spring and autumn three season can significantly reduce the interstitial water of Fe2+, PO43--P, NH4+-N content, and the removal efficiency of NO3--N, only in the summer is obviously.4, culture studies in order to enhance the cultivation effect of bait biological optimization based. In this experiment, add honey and humic acid amount based on the original medium, observe the cultivation effect, and routine monitoring of water quality change. The results show that the addition of honey and humic acid helps to enhance the cultivation of food bio, and honey 緋栨坊鍔犵粍鏄捐憲楂樹簬鍘熷煿鍏誨熀緇，

本文編號：1595642