本文選題：柑橘　切入點(diǎn)：TD　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：芽變是柑橘等果樹(shù)作物育種的重要變異來(lái)源之一,也是果樹(shù)體細(xì)胞變異的重要類(lèi)型。柑橘雜種類(lèi)型多,枸櫞、柚和寬皮橘等基本種之間可相互雜交而產(chǎn)生各種雜柑。芽變和雜交事件是柑橘進(jìn)化和新品種選育的重要基礎(chǔ)。芽變的分子機(jī)制還不太清楚,一般認(rèn)為芽變?cè)诜肿铀讲町悩O小。探究轉(zhuǎn)座子在不同芽變品種中的多態(tài)性,找到鑒別芽變品種的標(biāo)記,有助于推進(jìn)芽變機(jī)理的認(rèn)識(shí),為柑橘芽變育種提供理論依據(jù)。柑橘遺傳背景高度雜合,研究轉(zhuǎn)座子在雜種柑橘形成過(guò)程中的變化,有助于理解柑橘雜種材料基因組變異和種間進(jìn)化關(guān)系。本課題在甜橙基因組的基礎(chǔ)上,利用TD(transposon display)技術(shù),先研究33個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)座子在柑橘芽變品種中的多態(tài)性,后挑出20個(gè)來(lái)研究轉(zhuǎn)座子在雜種柑橘及其親本中的多態(tài)性,主要結(jié)果如下:1.篩選了33個(gè)高豐度的轉(zhuǎn)座子用于芽變鑒別。18個(gè)DNA轉(zhuǎn)座子中有5個(gè)(DTM63、DTM58、Helitron1、Spem和mPing2),15個(gè)反轉(zhuǎn)錄轉(zhuǎn)座子有4個(gè)(Line1、LTR-Gypsy3、LTR-Gypsy5和Tcs2)能較好地鑒別柑橘成熟期、色澤、育性等性狀變異的芽變品種。DNA轉(zhuǎn)座子DTH3,在甜橙芽變品種中多態(tài)性高,表現(xiàn)活躍,但在供試溫州蜜柑芽變品種中沒(méi)有明顯的多態(tài)性。2.羅伯遜臍橙及其早熟芽變羅臍35號(hào)中檢測(cè)到較多轉(zhuǎn)座子差異,能被DTM63,Spem和mPing2這些轉(zhuǎn)座子鑒別開(kāi)來(lái)。mPing2在柑橘芽變中表現(xiàn)活躍,能鑒別羅伯遜臍橙及羅臍35號(hào)、暗柳及紅暗柳、普通i*柑及黔陽(yáng)無(wú)核i*柑,以及紅肉t/溪蜜柚與橙皮t/溪蜜柚這些芽變品種對(duì)。3.轉(zhuǎn)座子作為標(biāo)記不同程度地支持了柚和橘雜交產(chǎn)生酸橙,酸橙和枸櫞雜交產(chǎn)生檸檬,柚和甜橙雜交產(chǎn)生葡萄柚以及橘和甜橙雜交產(chǎn)生克里曼丁橘這4個(gè)事件。20個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)座子中有10個(gè)支持柚和橘雜交產(chǎn)生酸橙,支持率最高。4.柚、橘和酸橙以及柚、甜橙和葡萄柚這2個(gè)組合中,均檢測(cè)到3個(gè)活躍的轉(zhuǎn)座子,分別為:LTR-Copia1、Helitron1、MUDR2和DTM53、DTM63、MUDR2;MUDR2在這2個(gè)組合中都表現(xiàn)活躍。5.柚、甜橙和葡萄柚組合中,轉(zhuǎn)座子表現(xiàn)各異:Spem片段丟失嚴(yán)重,Harbinger2和LTR-Gypsy1未丟失片段也沒(méi)有發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)座,而MUDR2表現(xiàn)活躍,發(fā)生了新的轉(zhuǎn)座。
[Abstract]:Budding is one of the important sources of variation in citrus and other fruit tree crop breeding, and is also an important type of somatic variation in fruit trees. Basic species, such as pummelo and tangerine, can cross with each other and produce a variety of hybrids. Sprouts and cross events are the important basis for citrus evolution and breeding of new varieties. The molecular mechanism of sprouting is not well understood. It is generally believed that there is very little difference in sprouts at the molecular level. To explore the polymorphism of transposons in different varieties of sprouts and to find markers to identify them will help to promote the understanding of the mechanism of sprouting. The genetic background of citrus was highly heterozygous, and the variation of transposon during the formation of hybrid citrus was studied. It is helpful to understand the genetic variation and interspecific evolution of citrus hybrids. Based on the genome of sweet orange, we studied the polymorphism of 33 transposons in citrus germinated varieties by using TD(transposon display-technique. Then 20 were selected to study the polymorphism of transposons in hybrid citrus and its parents. The main results are as follows: 1. 33 transposons with high abundance were screened for bud differentiation. 5 of 18 DNA transposons were identified as maturing stage. 5 of 18 DNA transposons were identified with Helitron1Spem and mPing2s, and 15 retrotransposons with 4 Line1t LTR-Gypsy3LTR-Gypsy5 and Tcs2) were used to identify citrus maturity, color and color. DNA transposon DTH3, a mutant variety with fertility and other traits, was highly polymorphic and active in sweet orange germinated varieties. However, there was no significant polymorphism in bergamot germinated varieties. 2. More transposon differences were detected in Robertson navel orange and its early maturing roxum 35, which could be identified by transposons DTM63- Spem and mPing2. MPing2 was active in citrus sprout. It can distinguish Robertson navel orange from Luo navel 35, dark willow and red willow, ordinary iquat and Qianyang seedless ivy orange. And the budding varieties of red meat t / stream pomelo and orange peel t / stream grapefruit. 3. Transposon as a marker to support the hybrid of pomelo and orange to produce lime, lime and citron to produce lemon, Grapefruit and orange hybrids produce grapefruit, and orange and orange hybrids produce Creman blueberries. Ten out of 20 transposons support pomelo and orange hybrids to produce lime, with the highest approval rating of .4.Pomelo, orange and lime, and grapefruit, In both combinations of sweet orange and grapefruit, three active transposons were detected. They were: 1: LTR-Copia1 Helitron1 (MUDR2) and DTM53 (DTM63) MUDR2MUDR2 were active in both combinations. Pummelo, orange and grapefruit were active. Transposons show different types of loss of MUDR2 fragments, such as serious loss of MUDR2 fragments, serious loss of MUDR2 fragments and no transposes, while MUDR2 is active and new transposers occur.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S666

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