本文選題：電力驅(qū)動式　切入點：精密播種機　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：播種在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)中占據(jù)著重要的位置,其作業(yè)質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣,直接影響到作物的產(chǎn)量。目前,我國普遍使用的播種機,其核心部件排種器采用的傳動方式基本都是機械式傳動,在實踐中,機械式傳動存在鏈條斷裂、軸承損毀、株距調(diào)節(jié)繁瑣等諸多的問題,針對這些問題,本文對國內(nèi)外常用的幾種播種機具的傳動方式進行了研究,設(shè)計出了一套電力驅(qū)動式精密播種控制系統(tǒng)。在田間作業(yè)中,無論是采用地輪還是拖拉機側(cè)邊輪作為傳動方式,行走輪的打滑現(xiàn)象都是無法避免的,但考慮到傳感器的安裝固定的便捷性、可靠性、通用性、脈沖傳輸距離及拖拉機行走時播種可控性,本研究以地輪位移變化為采集對象,通過多次試驗,確定了地輪與排種器位移變化的隨動數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系;運用編程軟件,編寫C語言控制程序,將確定的隨動數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系融入到程序中,設(shè)計出一套玉米精密播種株距可調(diào)、播種株距均勻、同步傳動的控制程序;控制系統(tǒng)脈沖信號是通過旋轉(zhuǎn)增量式傳感器,采集地輪的位移信號,將采集到的數(shù)字信號傳送給芯片,通過芯片內(nèi)的程序運算,發(fā)送脈沖信號給步進電機驅(qū)動器,控制步進電機驅(qū)動排種器同步傳動工作,通過調(diào)節(jié)控制箱株距參數(shù)進行控制播種的株距。論文研究的電力驅(qū)動式玉米精密播種控制系統(tǒng),是以拖拉機電瓶為電源,采用小動力步進電動機為動力驅(qū)動源,通過可編程控制系統(tǒng)對步進電機進行調(diào)控,實現(xiàn)同步精密播種控制系統(tǒng);電力驅(qū)動播種單組是根據(jù)先定步進電機,后定驅(qū)動器的原則,選擇與步進電動機相匹配的驅(qū)動器;控制系統(tǒng)對地輪直徑參數(shù)和排種器一周播種數(shù)賦值后,可任意的調(diào)節(jié)所需的播種株距,實現(xiàn)電力驅(qū)動播種控制系統(tǒng),達到均勻播種的目的。在吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)機械研究院臺架試驗室和田間試驗田進行對比試驗,并對控制系統(tǒng)進行了驗證,試驗采用2BXM-2型精密播種機,分別采用電力驅(qū)動和機械式傳動結(jié)構(gòu)進行試驗,本控制系統(tǒng)漏播率降低了17.6%,重播率降低了11.8%,變異系數(shù)降低了11.6%,播種株距的合格率≥90%,符合精密播種的要求,實現(xiàn)了播種株距的均勻性和任意調(diào)節(jié)。本論文研究的電力驅(qū)動播種系統(tǒng),取代機械式傳動,操作方便,利于整體結(jié)構(gòu)的合理布局,提高了農(nóng)業(yè)播種的自動化、信息化水平,為現(xiàn)代化科學(xué)技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)機械上的應(yīng)用拓寬了領(lǐng)域,為農(nóng)業(yè)從純機械發(fā)展到電子控制提供更多研究資料和相關(guān)科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Sowing occupies an important position in agricultural production, and the quality of its work directly affects the yield of crops. At present, the planter is widely used in our country. In practice, there are many problems in mechanical transmission, such as broken chain, damaged bearing, tedious adjustment of plant spacing and so on. In this paper, the transmission modes of several kinds of planters are studied, and a set of electric drive precision seeding control system is designed. In the field operation, both the ground wheel and the side wheel of tractor are used as the transmission mode. The slip phenomenon of the walking wheel is unavoidable, but considering the convenience, reliability, universality, pulse transmission distance and the controllability of the tractor, the change of the displacement of the ground wheel is taken as the acquisition object. Through many experiments, the following mathematical relation of displacement change between ground wheel and metering device is determined, and a C language control program is written by programming software to integrate the determined following mathematical relation into the program. A set of control program is designed, which can adjust the precise sowing distance of maize, even the spacing of sowing plants and drive synchronously. The pulse signal of the control system collects the displacement signal of the ground wheel through the rotating incremental sensor, and the displacement signal of the ground wheel is collected by the pulse signal of the control system. The collected digital signal is transmitted to the chip, the pulse signal is sent to the stepper motor driver through the program operation in the chip, and the synchronous drive of the step motor drive and metering device is controlled. By adjusting the parameters of the control box, the distance of seeding is controlled. The electric drive precision sowing control system of corn is developed in this paper. The electric battery of the tractor is used as the power source, and the small power stepping motor is used as the driving source. The synchronous precision seeding control system is realized through the control of step motor by programmable control system, the single group of electric drive seeding is selected according to the principle of first step motor and later fixed driver, and the driver matched with step motor is selected. After assigning the parameters of the ground wheel diameter and the seeding number per week of the metering device, the control system can arbitrarily adjust the required sowing space and realize the electric drive seeding control system. To achieve the goal of uniform seeding, a comparative experiment was carried out in the bench laboratory and field test field of Jilin Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, and the control system was verified. The precision planter 2BXM-2 was used in the experiment. By using electric drive and mechanical transmission structure respectively, the leakage rate of the control system is reduced by 17.6, the resowing rate by 11.8m, the coefficient of variation by 11.6. the qualified rate of sowing distance is 鈮，

本文編號：1578145