本文選題：壓砂西瓜　切入點：氮素響應(yīng)　出處：《寧夏大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：壓砂地作為西北地區(qū)特有的耕作方式,近年來在主營壓砂地寧夏地區(qū)面積日趨增多。種植壓砂西瓜為當?shù)剞r(nóng)戶帶來經(jīng)濟效益的同時也帶動當?shù)氐谌a(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。氮素作為植物重要的營養(yǎng)元素,是影響壓砂西瓜生長、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的重要因素。硝態(tài)氮、銨態(tài)氮和可溶性有機氮作為土壤中重要的氮素源,不僅協(xié)調(diào)著土壤的健康性和營養(yǎng)性,而且也為作物吸收養(yǎng)分起到關(guān)鍵性作用。探討壓砂西瓜對氮素的響應(yīng)以及壓砂土壤中各活性氮的分布變化、供給轉(zhuǎn)化以及其它因素影響可為壓砂地合理施用氮肥、提高壓砂瓜產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì),壓砂地可持續(xù)發(fā)展及科學管理提供理論依據(jù)。設(shè)置不同氮素水平進行壓砂地田間試驗,來研究壓砂西瓜的生長發(fā)育、壓砂西瓜對N養(yǎng)分的吸收、壓砂西瓜營養(yǎng)診斷及氮素對壓砂地土壤活性氮的影響,以期明確氮素對壓砂西瓜和壓砂土壤活性氮的作用。取得主要結(jié)論有:1、適量施氮促進并協(xié)調(diào)了壓砂西瓜營養(yǎng)生長和生殖生長,在施氮75.00-112.50 kg hm-2時壓砂西瓜生長、產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)均最佳。2、從苗期到成熟期,各部位氮含量根莖基部葉中部葉頂部葉。氮素含量呈“W”型變化,坐瓜期吸收最多;施氮對壓砂西瓜氮含量的影響因生育期與吸收元素和施氮量關(guān)系的不同而異,苗期至坐瓜期,氮素供給下壓砂西瓜吸收氮素含量較高,且在供氮99.63-226.00kghm-2時吸收量最高。而從膨瓜期至成熟期,隨施氮量增多對氮吸收量增多。3、伸蔓期至膨瓜期葉片SPAD值水平較高,此時期適量施氮有助于不同部位葉片葉綠素的累積和光合作用的進行,而過量則使葉片SPAD值降低;同時,整個生育期中部葉片SPAD值保持較高和較穩(wěn)定水平,并且與施氮水平之間呈穩(wěn)定的報酬遞減關(guān)系,與植株全氮相關(guān)性穩(wěn)定,因此可以作為壓砂西瓜氮素營養(yǎng)診斷的指示器官。4、隨壓砂西瓜生長及壓砂土壤土層深度的不同,施氮對含水量及各活性氮的增減有所不同。在施氮為37.5-75 kg hm-2時,60-100 cm各土層含水量顯著增多;施氮會增加不同生育期不同土層硝態(tài)氮和可溶性有機氮的含量。銨態(tài)氮因施氮量不同有不同程度的增減,膨瓜期至成熟期40-100 cm各土層的銨態(tài)氮含量增多且在施氮150 kg hm-2顯著。
[Abstract]:As a special farming method in Northwest China, sand compaction land, In recent years, the area of Ningxia area is increasing in the main sand compaction area. Planting sand watermelon not only brings economic benefit to local farmers, but also promotes the development of local tertiary industry. Nitrogen, as an important nutrient element of plants, affects the growth of sand-pressed watermelon. Nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen are important nitrogen sources in soil, which not only coordinate the health and nutrition of the soil. It also plays a key role in nutrient uptake of crops. The response of sand watermelon to nitrogen and the distribution of active nitrogen in sand compaction soil are discussed. The effects of supply transformation and other factors on the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in sand compaction soil are discussed. In order to improve the yield and quality of barbed watermelon, to provide theoretical basis for sustainable development and scientific management of barbed watermelon, different nitrogen levels were set up to study the growth and development of sand-pressed watermelon, and the absorption of N nutrient by sand-pressed watermelon. Nutrition diagnosis of sand watermelon and effect of nitrogen on soil active nitrogen in sandy soil. In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen on sand watermelon and sand soil active nitrogen, the main conclusions were as follows: 1, proper application of nitrogen promoted and coordinated the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of sand pressed watermelon, and the growth of sand pressed watermelon was 75.00-112.50 kg / hm-2. The yield and quality were the best. From seedling stage to maturity stage, the nitrogen content of each part was the top leaf of the middle leaf of rhizome, stem and basal leaf. The nitrogen content changed in "W" type and absorbed the most in sitting melon stage. The effect of nitrogen application on N content of watermelon was different from growth stage to absorbing element and nitrogen application amount. From seedling stage to sitting stage, the nitrogen content of sand watermelon was higher than that of sand watermelon under nitrogen supply. The absorption of nitrogen was the highest at 99.63-226.00 kghm-2, and the SPAD level of leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen application from the stage of expanding melon to the mature stage, and the SPAD value of leaves from the extension stage to the stage of expanding melon was higher than that of the control group. At the same time, suitable nitrogen application could contribute to chlorophyll accumulation and photosynthesis in different parts of leaves, while excessive amount of nitrogen could decrease SPAD value of leaves, at the same time, the SPAD value of leaves in the middle part of the growth period remained higher and more stable. And the relationship between N application level and nitrogen level is stable, and the correlation with plant total nitrogen is stable. Therefore, it can be used as indicator organ of nitrogen nutrition diagnosis of sand watermelon, with the growth of sand watermelon and the depth of soil layer of sand compacted watermelon being different. The increase and decrease of water content and active nitrogen were different when the nitrogen application was 37.5-75 kg hm-2. The water content of 60-100 cm soil layer increased significantly when the application of nitrogen was 37.5-75 kg hm-2. Application of nitrogen increased the contents of nitrate and soluble organic nitrogen in different soil layers at different growth stages. Ammonium nitrogen increased in different degrees with different nitrogen application rates, and increased in 40 ~ 100cm soil layers from the stage of expanding melon to maturity, and was significantly increased in 150kg hm-2.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S651;S153

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