發(fā)布時間：2018-03-05 10:26

  本文選題：收獲打捆復式作業(yè)機　切入點：振動測試　出處：《江蘇大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：我國農(nóng)作物秸稈年產(chǎn)量近7億噸,但秸稈的綜合利用率只有33%。通常在田間對秸稈進行焚燒處理,而秸稈燃燒產(chǎn)生的煙霧會長期留在空氣中,嚴重影響空氣質(zhì)量,所以提高秸稈的綜合利用率迫在眉睫。本文根據(jù)現(xiàn)有沃得DC50C輪式聯(lián)合收割機結(jié)構(gòu)特點,設(shè)計了一種谷物聯(lián)合收獲打捆復式作業(yè)機,該機突破了傳統(tǒng)收割機和打捆裝置的簡單對接方式,具有田間通過性好,轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑小等優(yōu)點。此外,由于該復式作業(yè)機結(jié)構(gòu)復雜,工作部件和傳動部件較多,在惡劣環(huán)境下工作時,整機振動和噪音非常明顯,而壓縮裝置作為該復式作業(yè)機核心工作部件,當其固有頻率與整機各激振源頻率臨近時,易出現(xiàn)整機共振現(xiàn)象,影響整機可靠性和駕駛員舒適性,因此,研究谷物聯(lián)合收獲打捆復式作業(yè)機整機及壓縮裝置的振動特性尤為必要。本文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)對復式作業(yè)機整體結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理進行闡述與分析,對整機配置、傳動系統(tǒng)、喂入裝置和壓縮裝置等關(guān)鍵部件進行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及參數(shù)計算,聯(lián)合收獲機與打捆裝置間采用三級減速傳動裝置,喂入裝置采用曲柄連桿撥叉機構(gòu),壓縮裝置采用對心式曲柄滑塊機構(gòu),喂入裝置和壓縮裝置工作頻率設(shè)計為93r/min,對曲柄連桿撥叉機構(gòu)進行運動學仿真,撥叉末端運動軌跡顯示秸稈能夠順暢輸送,該復式作業(yè)機相比與傳統(tǒng)的牽引式打捆機,轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑更小,田間通過性更好。(2)對復式作業(yè)機整機7個測點的振動水平進行測試,獲取其時域信號和頻域信號的變化規(guī)律,重點對壓縮裝置進行振動特性分析,振動試驗結(jié)果表明壓縮裝置存在共振的內(nèi)在可能。因此,對壓縮裝置進行模態(tài)分析,通過有限元仿真得到壓縮裝置的前6階模態(tài)頻率及對應(yīng)振型,結(jié)果表明壓縮裝置一階固有頻率與振動篩激振頻率相臨近,壓縮裝置三階、四階固有頻率與發(fā)動機激振頻率相臨近。(3)利用PCB激振力錘、加速度傳感器、動態(tài)信號采集儀、模態(tài)分析系統(tǒng)對復式作業(yè)機壓縮裝置進行試驗?zāi)B(tài)分析,通過參數(shù)識別與信號分析得到壓縮裝置的前6階模態(tài)參數(shù),并與有限元計算結(jié)果對比分析,驗證了壓縮裝置有限元仿真的準確性。最后以壓縮裝置有限元模型為基礎(chǔ),以改變壓縮裝置固有頻率為目標進行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,并對優(yōu)化后的模型進行有限元驗證,優(yōu)化結(jié)果表明:優(yōu)化后壓縮裝置的固有頻率避開了各激振頻率,驗證了優(yōu)化方案的可行性。(4)對復式作業(yè)機進行田間性能試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明:以規(guī)則草捆率為評價指標,下喂入裝置可高效完成秸稈輸送,壓縮裝置壓縮效果好。草捆成捆率、規(guī)則草捆率、抗捆率、草捆密度、草捆截面尺寸、純工作小時生產(chǎn)率均達到設(shè)計要求,整機樣機作業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)性好,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計與參數(shù)選擇合理,整機性能指標均能夠達到生產(chǎn)需要。
[Abstract]:The annual yield of crop straw in China is nearly 700 million tons, but the comprehensive utilization ratio of straw is only 33. The straw is usually incinerated in the field, and the smoke produced by straw burning will stay in the air for a long time, which will seriously affect the air quality. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the comprehensive utilization ratio of straw. According to the structural characteristics of the existing DC50C wheeled combine harvester, this paper designs a kind of combined grain harvesting and bundling machine. This machine breaks through the simple docking mode of traditional harvester and baling device, and has the advantages of good field passing ability and small turning radius. In addition, because of the complex structure of the duplex machine, there are many working parts and transmission parts. When working in bad environment, the vibration and noise of the whole machine are very obvious. As the core working part of the duplex machine, when the natural frequency of the compressor is near to the frequency of the exciting source of the whole machine, it is easy to appear the whole machine resonance phenomenon. Affect the reliability of the whole machine and driver comfort, therefore, It is particularly necessary to study the vibration characteristics of the whole machine and the compression device of the combined harvest and bundling machine. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the whole structure and working principle of the compound machine are expounded and analyzed, and the whole machine configuration and transmission system are described and analyzed. The structure design and parameter calculation of key parts such as feeding device and compression device are carried out. A three-stage deceleration drive is used between the combine harvester and the binding device, and the feeding device adopts a crank and connecting rod fork mechanism. The compression device adopts the countercore crank slider mechanism. The working frequency of the feeding device and the compression device is 93 r / min. The kinematics simulation of the crank and connecting rod fork mechanism shows that the straw can be transported smoothly. Compared with the traditional traction strapping machine, the compound machine has smaller turning radius and better field pass. The vibration level of 7 measuring points of the duplex machine is tested, and the variation law of its time-domain and frequency-domain signals is obtained. The vibration characteristics of the compression device are analyzed, and the results of vibration test show that there is inherent possibility of resonance in the compression device. Therefore, the modal analysis of the compression device is carried out. Through finite element simulation, the first 6 modes and corresponding modes of the compression device are obtained. The results show that the first natural frequency of the compression device is close to the exciting frequency of the vibrating screen, and the third order of the compression device is obtained. The fourth order natural frequency is near to the engine exciting frequency.) using the PCB exciting force hammer, acceleration sensor, dynamic signal collector and modal analysis system, the test modal analysis is carried out on the compression device of the compound operation machine. Through parameter identification and signal analysis, the first 6 modal parameters of the compression device are obtained, and compared with the finite element calculation results, the accuracy of the finite element simulation of the compression device is verified. Finally, the finite element model of the compression device is used as the foundation. The structure optimization is carried out with the aim of changing the natural frequency of the compression device, and the optimized model is verified by finite element method. The optimization results show that the natural frequency of the optimized compression device avoids all the exciting frequencies. The feasibility of the optimized scheme was verified. 4) the field performance test of the duplex machine was carried out. The results showed that with the regular straw bundle rate as the evaluation index, the feeding device could efficiently complete the straw conveyance, and the compression device had a good compression effect. The regular Bale rate, Bale Resistance rate, Bale density, Bale Cross Section size, working hour Productivity are all up to the design requirements, the whole prototype has good coordination, reasonable structure design and parameter selection, and the performance index of the whole machine can meet the production requirements.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225.3

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