本文選題：凋落葉　切入點(diǎn)：分解　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：凋落葉是森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)力重要的構(gòu)成部分之一,其分解是養(yǎng)分生物循環(huán)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),是溝通生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)的橋梁和紐帶。凋落葉分解過(guò)程深刻地影響著森林土壤的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì),制約著林地的生物量和生產(chǎn)力。為了弄清凋落葉在不同條件下的分解狀況,采集縉云山國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)代表性樹(shù)種的凋落葉(四川山礬、白毛新木姜子、馬尾松),運(yùn)用凋落物分解袋法,研究凋落葉在常綠闊葉林和針闊混交林內(nèi)三種設(shè)置條件下(地表無(wú)覆蓋層、凋落物層、地下5cm層),凋落葉分解過(guò)程中干重?fù)p失動(dòng)態(tài)以及養(yǎng)分動(dòng)態(tài)變化。經(jīng)過(guò)一年的野外分解實(shí)驗(yàn)得出以下結(jié)論:(1)各林分下三種樹(shù)種凋落葉分解過(guò)程中累計(jì)干重?fù)p失率均逐月增加,且累計(jì)干重?fù)p失率存在ⅡⅠⅢ即凋落物層地表無(wú)覆蓋層地下5cm層。研究期內(nèi)5月、6月和9月為凋落葉干重?fù)p失率的高峰期。同種樹(shù)種的三種處理方式下,針闊混交林的四川山礬累計(jì)干重?fù)p失率高于常綠闊葉林。(2)在不同設(shè)置條件下三種樹(shù)種凋落葉月凈損失率變化過(guò)程基本一致,均經(jīng)歷了逐步上升-迅速下降-小幅度上升-下降的過(guò)程,但同種樹(shù)種凋落葉的每月凈損失情況各有不同。同時(shí),同種設(shè)置條件下,不同樹(shù)種的月?lián)p失率也有所不同,其中針葉樹(shù)種馬尾松的損失率明顯低于闊葉樹(shù)種四川山礬和白毛新木姜子。(3)通過(guò)修正后的Olson指數(shù)模型擬合,得出四川山礬、白毛新木姜子和馬尾松在不同設(shè)置條件下分解常數(shù)ⅡⅠⅢ。同種設(shè)置條件下,三種樹(shù)種的分解常數(shù)表現(xiàn)出四川山礬白毛新木姜子馬尾松,且針闊混交林內(nèi)下的四川山礬分解速率快于常綠闊葉林內(nèi)的分解速率。(4)通過(guò)單因素方差分析比較同樹(shù)種,同取樣月的不同設(shè)置條件下凋落葉分解過(guò)程中的殘留率可見(jiàn):絕大多數(shù)月份(主要為2016年5月~2016年11月)四川山礬、白毛新木姜子和馬尾松凋落葉的殘留率在三種處理方式下彼此之間都存在明顯差異;研究期初期Ⅰ和Ⅲ號(hào)樣地殘留率差異不顯著;在同一設(shè)置條件下,各月間的凋落葉殘留率均存在顯著差異性。(5)方差分析結(jié)果顯示,三種樹(shù)種凋落葉初始養(yǎng)分元素含量存在顯著性差異,馬尾松凋落葉的C和P含量明顯高于四川山礬和白毛新木姜子。四川山礬擁有最高的K、Ca和Mg含量,白毛新木姜子的C/N和C/P明顯高于另兩個(gè)樹(shù)種。(6)三種樹(shù)種凋落葉分解過(guò)程中,養(yǎng)分元素C、N、P、K、Ca和Mg的含量和殘留率均呈現(xiàn)出波動(dòng)性變化,不同樹(shù)種凋落葉分解過(guò)程中的養(yǎng)分元素動(dòng)態(tài)變化各有不同。三種設(shè)置條件下分解過(guò)程中各元素含量和殘留率變化過(guò)程大體一致,但波動(dòng)的幅度有所差異。C、K、Ca和Mg元素在整個(gè)研究期內(nèi)總體上表現(xiàn)出一定的釋放。其中,C殘留率在變化過(guò)程中較為明顯的存在地下層地表無(wú)覆蓋層凋落物層,而白毛新木姜子Mg元素的釋放不明顯。K元素含量隨分解的進(jìn)行呈明顯的下降趨勢(shì),并表現(xiàn)出釋放的特征。N元素在整個(gè)研究期內(nèi)基本處于相對(duì)富集狀態(tài)。三種樹(shù)種凋落葉P釋放狀況各有不同。在兩種林分下,四川山礬凋落葉分解過(guò)程中的P、Ca和Mg元素在常綠闊葉林和針闊混交林中呈現(xiàn)略微不同的變化過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:Litter in forest ecosystem is one of the most important part of productivity, the decomposition is a key link in nutrient cycling, is the bridge and link of the biogeochemical cycle. Litter decomposition process affects the physical and chemical properties of forest soils, restricting the biomass and productivity of forest land. In order to clarify the decomposition of leaf litter under different conditions, the representative species of leaf litter collected in Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve (Sichuan, Symplocos, Neolitsea, Masson), using the litter bag method, study on leaf litter in the evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest in three conditions (no land cover, litter underground layer, 5cm layer), leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics of heavy loss dynamic changes of dry process. After a year of field decomposition experiment obtained the following conclusions: (1) the three species of forest litter The decomposition of leaf dry weight loss rate was the cumulative monthly increase in the process, and the cumulative rate of loss in weight is that the litter I II III surface intectate underground 5cm layer. The study period of May, June and September for the dry weight loss rate of leaf litter peak. Three kinds of treatment methods of the same species, conifer the mixed forest of Sichuan total dry weight loss rate is higher than the major evergreen broad-leaved forest. (2) in the litter Yuejing loss rate change process under three kinds of different setting conditions are basically the same, have experienced a gradual rise in rapid decline - small amplitude increase decrease, but the net loss per month the same species of leaf litter in the there are different. At the same time, the same set of conditions, different species may have different loss rate, the loss rate of Pinus massoniana was significantly lower than that of broadleaf species in Sichuan and Symplocos Neolitsea. (3) through the Olson exponent modified model Come to Sichuan, Symplocos, Neolitsea Masson and decomposition constant II I-III in different setting conditions. The same set under the condition of constant shows Sichuan pine Symplocos Neolitsea decomposition of three species, and coniferous forest in Sichuan under the decomposition rate of Symplocos in evergreen broad-leaved forests decomposition rate. (4) through the single factor analysis of variance compared with the same month in different species, sampling set under the condition of leaf litter decomposition in the process of the residual rate of visible: most month (mainly for the May 2016 ~2016 year in November) Sichuan Symplocos rate in three ways, there are obvious differences between each other under the new white wood residue ginger and pine litter; on early stage I and III sample residual rate was not significantly different; in the same conditions, each month between leaf litter residual rate. There were significant differences (5) the results of analysis of variance Show that there is a significant difference between the nutrient elements in the leaves of three species of initial litter, C and P content of Masson pine leaf litter was significantly higher than that of Sichuan and Symplocos Neolitsea Symplocos. Sichuan had the highest K, Ca and Mg content, Neolitsea C/N and C/P was significantly higher than that of the other two species (. 6) three species of leaf litter decomposition, nutrient elements C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg content and residual rate showed changes in volatility, dynamic changes of nutrient elements in different species of leaf litter decomposition process is different. The content of each element decomposition process of three kinds of conditions and settings the residual rate of change is largely the same, but the fluctuation of the difference of.C, K, Ca and Mg elements show certain release during the whole study period in general. Among them, the residual rate of C in the process of changing obviously exist underground without overburden layer of surface litter layer, and white wood Ginger Mg element release is not obvious.K content significantly decreased with the decomposition of a, and show the characteristics of.N release is relatively enriched in the entire study period. Three species of leaf litter P release was different. In two plantations, in the decomposition process of P in Sichuan mountain alum leaffall, Ca and Mg elements changed slightly different process in evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S714

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