發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-01 10:07

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 馬鈴薯 均勻設(shè)計(jì) 水肥耦合 回歸模型 肥料利用率　出處：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：試驗(yàn)通過篩選,以補(bǔ)水量、施氮量、施磷量、施鉀量為試驗(yàn)因素,采用均勻設(shè)計(jì)的方法通過大田試驗(yàn),對(duì)寧夏旱區(qū)膜下滴灌條件下水肥耦合對(duì)馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量及肥料利用率的影響進(jìn)行了研究,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果通過逐步回歸建立相關(guān)模型,利用數(shù)學(xué)模擬的方法進(jìn)行分析。分析得出主要結(jié)論如下:(1)經(jīng)過優(yōu)化確定的補(bǔ)灌灌溉制度為:補(bǔ)水量為55～70m3/667m2,補(bǔ)水時(shí)期為苗期、現(xiàn)蕾期和開花期三次,其中苗期和現(xiàn)蕾期各占補(bǔ)水量的25%,即13.75～17.5m3/667m2;開花期占補(bǔ)水量的 50%,即27.5～35m3/667m2。(2)磷肥施量對(duì)產(chǎn)量的影響與土壤中磷肥含量有直接關(guān)系,另外三個(gè)因素對(duì)產(chǎn)量的影響順序?yàn)檠a(bǔ)水量氮肥施量鉀肥施量。(3)補(bǔ)水量與施氮量的交互作用對(duì)馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量為協(xié)同效應(yīng),施氮量與鉀肥量的交互作用對(duì)馬鈴薯的產(chǎn)量為抗頡效應(yīng),磷肥和鉀肥的交互作用對(duì)馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量影響最大,施氮時(shí)應(yīng)適當(dāng)補(bǔ)水有助于增產(chǎn),氮肥和鉀肥最好錯(cuò)開施肥。(4)在實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)范圍內(nèi),補(bǔ)水量增加有利于提高P、K肥料利用率;施氮量和施磷量的增加有助于提高K利用率;肥料施入量增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)應(yīng)肥料利用率下降;補(bǔ)水量在60～85m3/667m2之間,N肥利用率較高。(5)試驗(yàn)各因素對(duì)P、N肥利用率的影響順序與土壤本底值有關(guān);試驗(yàn)因素對(duì)K肥利用率的影響順序?yàn)?鉀肥量磷肥量氮肥量補(bǔ)水量。(6)通過優(yōu)化調(diào)整得出肥料利用率最優(yōu)的水肥方案為:補(bǔ)水量為76.8m3/667m2,施氮量、施磷量和施鉀量分別為2.0kg/667m2、3.4kg/667m2、2.3kg/667m2。與產(chǎn)量?jī)?yōu)化模型相比,施肥普遍較低,即提高肥料利用率和提高產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)無法同時(shí)得到滿足。(7)水肥方案與土壤本底值參數(shù)有關(guān),根據(jù)產(chǎn)量模型優(yōu)化結(jié)果,與肥料利用率分析,推薦水肥方案為:補(bǔ)水量55～70m3/667m2,氮肥量5.5～10.5kg/667m2,磷肥量7.0～18.0kg/667m2,鉀肥,5.0～6.0kg/667m2,具體的水肥施量應(yīng)可根據(jù)土壤本底值適當(dāng)確定。該研究對(duì)制定合理的水肥管理制度、提高水分生產(chǎn)效率、提高作物產(chǎn)量、提高肥料利用效率等方面均具有重要的科學(xué)價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,可為該地區(qū)馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Through screening, the field experiment was carried out with the amount of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as the experimental factors, and the uniform design method was adopted. The effects of water and fertilizer coupling on potato yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency under drip irrigation under film in arid region of Ningxia were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the optimal irrigation system is: the amount of supplementary water is 5570 m / 667 m ~ 2, the period of replenishing water is seedling stage, the stage of budding and the period of flowering are three times. The effect of phosphate fertilizer application on yield was directly related to the content of phosphorus fertilizer in soil, which accounted for 25% of the amount of water supplementation in seedling stage and bud stage, that is 13.75% 17.5 m3 / 667m2, and 50% of the amount of supplementary water at flowering stage, that is 27.535 m3 / 667m2.2respectively, and the effect of phosphate fertilizer application on the yield was directly related to the content of phosphorus fertilizer in soil. The other three factors had a synergistic effect on the yield of potato, and the interaction between the amount of supplemental water and the amount of nitrogen applied was a synergistic effect on the yield of potato, and the interaction between the amount of nitrogen and the amount of potassium fertilizer was antagonistic to the yield of potato. The interaction of phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer had the greatest effect on potato yield, and the proper water supply should be helpful to increase the yield of potato, and nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer had better stagger fertilization. 4) in the experimental design, the increase of water supplementation rate was beneficial to increase the utilization rate of Pu K fertilizer. The increase of nitrogen and phosphorus application rate can improve the K utilization efficiency, and the increase of fertilizer application rate will lead to the decrease of the corresponding fertilizer utilization efficiency. The effects of different factors on the soil background value were related to the order of the effects of different factors on the utilization of Pu N fertilizer in the range of 60 ~ 85 m ~ (3 / 667 m ~ 2). The order of influence of experiment factors on K fertilizer utilization efficiency is: potassium fertilizer amount, phosphorus fertilizer amount, nitrogen fertilizer amount supplement water quantity. 6) through optimizing adjustment, the optimum water and fertilizer utilization plan of fertilizer utilization ratio is 76.8m3 / 667m2, and the amount of nitrogen applied. Compared with the yield optimization model, fertilization was generally lower, that is to say, increasing fertilizer efficiency and improving yield and quality could not meet the requirement of soil background value at the same time. According to the results of yield model optimization and fertilizer utilization analysis, The recommended water and fertilizer schemes were as follows: water supplement amount of 5570 m3 / 667m2.The amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 5.510. 5kg / 667m2, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer was 7.0 ~ 18.0kg / 667m2, and the amount of potassium fertilizer was 5.0 ~ 6.0kg / 667m2.The specific amount of water and fertilizer application should be properly determined according to the soil background value. This study was aimed at establishing reasonable water and fertilizer management system, improving water production efficiency and increasing crop yield. Improving fertilizer utilization efficiency has important scientific value and practical significance, which can provide theoretical basis and technical support for potato production in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S532

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