發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-27 23:18

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 多源遙感 中蒙邊境 草原火 監(jiān)測(cè)　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),中蒙邊境地區(qū)蒙古國(guó)境內(nèi)頻繁出現(xiàn)草原火,火借西北風(fēng)經(jīng)常蔓延至我國(guó)境內(nèi),嚴(yán)重威脅我國(guó)牧區(qū)草原生態(tài)及社會(huì)安全。本研究以中蒙邊境地區(qū)的草原火為研究對(duì)象,利用多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)(Himawari8/AHI、NOAA/AVHRR、FY-3/VIRR與Landsat8/OLI以及NPP/VIIRS Active Fire、FY-3/VIRR火點(diǎn)判識(shí)數(shù)據(jù)),通過(guò)實(shí)例分析的方法對(duì)草原火進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。結(jié)果表明:采用的多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)中,Himawari8/AHI數(shù)據(jù)有時(shí)間分辨率高、覆蓋范圍廣等特征。NOAA/AVHRR數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間分辨率也較高。經(jīng)過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)以上兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)火點(diǎn)提取靈敏度非常高,因此將此兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)主要運(yùn)用在火點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)當(dāng)中。而FY-3/VIRR影像雖然空間分辨率較低,但在辨別過(guò)火區(qū)上較為準(zhǔn)確。Landsat8/OLI數(shù)據(jù)空間分辨率最高,對(duì)地物反映較精準(zhǔn),并且處理步驟簡(jiǎn)單,因此以上兩種數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用在過(guò)火區(qū)提取中。從而綜合利用以上多源遙感數(shù)據(jù),在時(shí)空分辨率上加密監(jiān)測(cè)火點(diǎn),將火點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)的時(shí)間分辨率由逐日提高到逐時(shí),由逐時(shí)提高到逐分�？臻g分辨率由2km提高到1km,再由1km提高到500m,再由500m提高至30m。因此可以更加準(zhǔn)確地監(jiān)測(cè)到火點(diǎn)的移動(dòng)、更全面地了解到草原火的蔓延方向、蔓延速度及過(guò)火區(qū)的變化。為驗(yàn)證多源數(shù)據(jù)遙感數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)方法,以2016年3月29、30日在我國(guó)東烏珠穆沁旗發(fā)生的草原火為例子進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析。結(jié)果表明,29日03:20分首次監(jiān)測(cè)到火點(diǎn),大概位置在東經(jīng)116°47′-116°52′,北緯46°22′-46°17′范圍內(nèi),直到09:20分火燒由西北向東南方向延伸,總過(guò)火區(qū)面積達(dá)230 km~2,過(guò)火區(qū)大體在東經(jīng)116°48′-117°12′,北緯46°20′-46°6′范圍內(nèi)。3月30日04:00分首次監(jiān)測(cè)到火點(diǎn),具體位置在東經(jīng)117°7′-117°11′,北緯46°20′-46°6′之間。到09:30分火燒由西向東蔓延,此時(shí)的監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果是過(guò)火區(qū)343.27km~2,明火區(qū)面積達(dá)35.84km~2。而最終提取到的整個(gè)過(guò)火面積達(dá)733.17km~2,范圍是在東經(jīng)116°50′-117°40′之間,北緯46°22′-46°5′之間。將實(shí)例火災(zāi)監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果與火災(zāi)發(fā)生區(qū)域的部分氣象要素、環(huán)境要素信息以及NPP/VIIRS Active Fire、FY-3/VIRR兩種全球火點(diǎn)產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)相結(jié)合對(duì)案例分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明,實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)的結(jié)果,如火災(zāi)的移動(dòng)方向、移動(dòng)路徑以及過(guò)火區(qū)面積輪廓的形成都與當(dāng)時(shí)的風(fēng)向風(fēng)速與周圍環(huán)境實(shí)際情況相吻合,也與火點(diǎn)產(chǎn)品(NPP/VIIRS Active Fire、FY-3/VIRR)數(shù)據(jù)所監(jiān)測(cè)到的火點(diǎn)位置相一致。并且多源多時(shí)相數(shù)據(jù)間的相互檢驗(yàn)以及高時(shí)間分辨率數(shù)據(jù)的利用可知此實(shí)時(shí)方法監(jiān)測(cè)方法精度高、時(shí)效性強(qiáng)、與實(shí)際情況吻合度高。因此利用多源衛(wèi)星遙感數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)草原火災(zāi)的方法對(duì)開(kāi)展草原火災(zāi)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)和快速評(píng)估工作提供有效的技術(shù)支撐,并對(duì)政府及相關(guān)部門的撲火工作具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the Sino Mongolian border areas of the territory of Mongolia frequent prairie fire, the fire by northwest wind often spread to China, a serious threat to grassland ecological and social security in our country. In this study, the Sino Mongolian border areas of grassland fire as the research object, using multi-source remote sensing data (Himawari8/AHI, NOAA/AVHRR, FY-3/VIRR and Landsat8/OLI and NPP/VIIRS Active Fire, FY-3/VIRR fires identification data), through the example analysis method for real-time monitoring of grassland fire. The results show that the multi-source remote sensing data used in Himawari8/AHI data with time resolution of high time resolution, wide coverage of.NOAA/AVHRR data is higher. The analysis found that more than two of the data is very high fire detection sensitivity, so the two data are mainly used in fire monitoring. And although the low spatial resolution FY-3/VIRR images, but in between Burned area accurately the highest spatial resolution of.Landsat8/OLI data, to reflect the object more accurate, and simple processing steps, so the above two kinds of data used in the burned area extraction. Thus more comprehensive use of multi-source remote sensing data, encryption monitoring points in the fire resolution, the fire monitoring by the time resolution to improve daily hourly from the hourly, to gradually. The spatial resolution is increased from 2km to 1km, and then increased from 1km to 500m, and then increased from 500m to 30m. so you can more accurately monitor the mobile fire point, a more comprehensive understanding to the direction of spread of grassland fire spread, change speed and burned area for real time. The monitoring method of multi-source remote sensing data validation data, in March 2016 29,30 in China in the East Ujimqin grassland fire for example is analyzed. The results showed that 29 03:20 for the first time to monitor the fire point, probably Position in longitude 116 degrees 47 '-116' 52 degrees, 46 degrees north latitude 22 degrees 17 '-46' range, until the 09:20 fire from the northwest to southeast direction, the total burned area of 230 km~2, burned area in roughly 116 degrees east longitude 48 degrees 12 '' -117 20 ', north latitude 46 degrees -46 degrees 6' in the range of.3 30 04: 00 points for the first time to monitor the fire point, the specific location of the longitude 117 degrees 11 degrees 7 '-117', between latitude 46 degrees 20 '-46 6' to 09:30 degrees. The fire spread from west to East, the monitoring results the burned area 343.27km~2, area of fire 35.84km~2. and end up in the burned area of 733.17km~2, in the range between 116 degrees east longitude 50 degrees 40 '-117', '-46 between 46 degrees north latitude 22 degrees 5'. The monitoring results of fire cases and fire area of some meteorological factors, environmental factors and information NPP/VIIRS Active Fire FY-3/VIRR, with two global the fire point data. The case analysis results were evaluated. The results show that the real-time monitoring results, such as the moving direction of the fire and burned area, the moving path of contour shape and wind speed at the time of the Chengdu and the surrounding environment is consistent with actual situation, fire products (NPP/VIIRS Active Fire, FY-3/VIRR) consistent fire location data monitoring to check each other. And the accuracy of multi-source and multi temporal data and the use of the high time resolution data real-time monitoring method of this method is high, strong timeliness, highly consistent with the actual situation. So the method of using multi-source satellite remote sensing data real-time monitoring of grassland fire to provide effective technical support to carry out real-time monitoring and grassland fire rapid assessment work, and has a certain guiding significance for the government and relevant departments of the fire fighting work.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812.6

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